摘要
目的系统评价国内外灾害后卫生需求快速评估的方法,为我国今后实施灾害后卫生需求快速评估提供参考。方法计算机检索CNKI(1979～2011.1)、VIP(1989～2011.1)、CBM和PubMed,对符合纳入标准的文献的主要结果进行描述性分析。结果共纳入65篇文献。其研究类型以方法学介绍和现况调查居多,分别占52.31%和44.62%。绝大多数文献关注的事件是自然灾害,占86.15%。灾害后快速评估的内容包括人员伤亡和现场公共卫生评估,后者又主要包括对灾区公共卫生状况、医疗卫生应对能力、灾民健康状况、外部卫生需求等方面的快速评估。人员伤亡的快速评估方法主要有基于GIS和人工神经网络(ANN)模型等评估方法;现场公共卫生评估主要采用流行病学现场调查,运用问卷调查、访谈、疾病监测等多种方法。结论灾害后卫生需求的快速评估是灾后的首要任务之一,目前的快速评估方法有待完善和改进。建议将灾害后卫生需求的快速评估分为灾害后人员伤亡情况快速评估和灾害对卫生影响快速评估两个阶段进行。
Objective To provide references for fast assessment after disasters in China by assessing articles on fast assessment of health needs after disasters. Methods We systematically searched CNKI, VIP, CBM, and PubMed from their establishments to Jan. 2011. The main results of the eligible articles were described. Results A total of 65 articles were included, of which introductions for methodology and cross-sectional studies accounted for 52.31% and 44.62%, respectively. Articles which focused on natural disasters made up 86.15% of the total. Post-disaster rapid assessment should include seismic death estimate and on-site public health assessment which contained the public health status in affected areas, health coping capacity, health condition of victims and health needs. Rapid assessment of seismic death mainly used methods based on GIS and ANN model. On-site public health assessment mainly used epidemiological field investigation. Questionnaires, interviews and surveillance of diseases were adopted. Conclusion Rapid post-disaster health needs assessment is one of the most important tasks after disasters, and the current rapid assessment methods need to be refined and improved.
出处
《中国循证医学杂志》
CSCD
2011年第6期605-612,共8页
Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)地震专项课题(编号:2008AA022503和2008AA022501)
中国博士后科学基金(编号:20090461341)
四川大学青年教师科研启动基金(编号:2009SCU11172)
国家自然科学基金(编号:81072376)资助
