摘要
随着我国工业化和城市化进程的不断加快,土壤环境问题,特别是工业区土壤重金属污染已逐渐成为环境科学界研究热点。文章在总结国内外常用的土壤重金属全量监测方法及原理的基础上,对化学分析法、仪器分析法等异位监测方法和基于地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)和全球定位系统(GPS)的高光谱分析技术、环境磁学技术及生物技术等原位监测方法进行综合比较、分析。结果表明,在土壤重金属全量监测方法中,异位监测测量精度经历了从mg·L-1到μg·L-1再到ng·L-1的发展历程,且随着微电子技术、计算机科学技术以及多媒体技术、人机友好交互、虚拟现实、模糊控制、人工神经网络等新技术的巨大进步,势必会朝着自动化、低成本以及更高的精度方向发展;原位监测中,环境磁学技术只能针对某类土壤中某种重金属达到ppm的测量精度,高光谱技术、生物技术依旧处于大面积估产、实验室模拟阶段,其关键问题是推广性差,为了满足研究需求,该法势必朝着高普适性,高推广性方向发展。
With the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China,soil pollution,especially heavy metal contamination in industrial areas has attracted much attention in the field of environmental sciences.Methods for total heavy metal contents determination in soils at home and abroad were reviewed.Based on comprehensive comparisons of the in-situ determination,such as chemical analysis and instrumental methods,and ex-situ determination,such as hyperspectrum analysis method supported by GIS、RS and GPS,environmental magnetism method and biotechnology,it was demonstrated that among all the methods,the precision of ex-situ measurements experienced a development from mg·L-1 to μg·L-1 and then to ng·L-1,and the ex-situ measurements would be improved towards automation,low cost and high precision,for the considerable progress got in fields of microelectronics,computer techniques,multimedia technology,human-machine interaction techniques,fuzzy control and artificial neural networks;as to the in-situ measurements,environmental magnetism could achieve ppm precision only for particular heavy metals in certain soils,while hyperspectrum analysis method and biotechnology,still in the state of large scale yield estimation and laboratory simulation,were difficult for promotion,and to conclude,the in-situ measurements would be improved to meet higher precision and applicability.
出处
《东北农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期133-139,共7页
Journal of Northeast Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40635028
40801066)
中国博士后科学基金项目(200801017)
关键词
土壤重金属
测定方法
方法比较
soil heavy metal
determination
comparison of methods
