2Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism ; the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therpy. Chest, 2004, 126 Suppl:338 -400.
3Peitzman AB, Rhodes M, Schwab CW, et al,eds. The Trauma Manual 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wikins Inc.1998.
4Lindblad B, Eriksson A, Berquist D. Autopsyverified pulmonary embolism in a surgical department of the period from 1951 to 1968. Br J Surg, 1991,78:849 -852.
5Stein PD , Henry JW. Prevalence of acute palmonary embolism among patients in a general hospital and autopsy. Chest, 1995, 108:975-981.
6The PREPIC Study Group. Eight-year followup of patient with permanent vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism. The PREPIC ( prevention du risque d'embolie pulmonaire par interruption cave ) ramdomized study. Circulation, 2005, 112:416 -422.
7Jack Ansell. Vena cava filters, do we know all that we need to know? Circulation, 2005,112:298 - 299.
8Schuerer DJ, Whinney RR, Freeman BD, et al. Evaluation of the applicability, efficacy,and safty of a thromboembolic event prophylaxis guidline designed for quality improvement of the traumatically injured patient. J Trauma, 2005, 58:731 - 739.
4Grifoni S,Olovitto L,Cecchin P. Short term clinical outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism normal blood pressure and echocardiographic right ventrieular dysfunction[J].Circulation,2000,(24):2817-2822.
5周永昌;郭万学.超声医学[M]北京:科学技术文献出版社,2006585.
6陆恩祥;任卫东.血管超声诊断图谱[M]沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,199989.
7Xie F,Lof J,Everbach C. Treatment of acute intravascular thrombi with diagnostic ultrasound and intravenos microbubbles[J].JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2009,(04):511-51β.