摘要
通过17年大田长期定位试验,研究了在自然降水、一年一作春玉米种植制度下,有机无机肥配合施用时,0~300 cm褐土剖面硝态氮分布与累积的特点及农田氮素平衡。结果表明,适量的氮磷肥及合理的有机无机肥配比可显著提高作物产量,土壤氮素基本平衡;过低量的氮磷肥配施,土壤氮素处于亏缺状态;过高量的氮磷肥配施、有机肥及有机无机肥料配比,土壤氮素盈余显著增加。不同用量的长期单施化肥处理,施氮量超过120 kg/hm2后,硝态氮在土壤中有明显累积,硝态氮峰值出现在100~180 cm土层之间,且随施入氮素量的增加硝态氮峰值升高,以硝态氮形式残留在土壤剖面中的氮量占总施氮量的10.93%~44.24%。过高量有机无机肥配合施用处理,深层土壤硝态氮累积量大幅增加,淋失风险大大增强;有机无机肥配比适宜(N 120 kg/hm2,P 37.5 kg/hm2,M 22 500 kg/hm2,深层土壤硝态氮累积量显著下降,淋失风险低;单施高量有机肥同样会导致土壤硝态氮的累积。适量的氮磷肥用量及合理的有机-无机肥配比是提高作物产量、减少NO-3-N在土壤剖面中累积和淋失的有效措施。
The characteristics of distribution and accumulation of NO-3-N in 0-300 cm cinnamon soil profile and N balance were studied with a long-term fertilization placement experiment under the natural precipitation and the cropping system of one crop of spring corn per year in 17 years.The results showed that long term application of different dosages of inorganic fertilizer only or inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure had significant effect on crop yield and N surplus.Crop yield was remarkably increased and soil N surplus remain at a balance level under suitable NP fertilizers rate and organic manure combined chemical fertilizer in proper ratio.Soil nitrate-N deficiency was found to occur through long term application of lower NP fertilizer.N surplus was remarkably increased by long-term application of higher NP fertilizers,organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure.If the annual rate of N reached 120 kg/ha,NO-3-N accumulation was found to occur under the treatment of different dosages of inorganic fertilizer only,the peak of nitrate content（PNC）occurred at 100-180 cm in soil profile.The PNC in the soil increased significantly with increasing N application rates.Soil nitrate nitrogen residual rate account for 10.93%-44.24% of the total nitrogen fertilizer dosage.When excessive inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure was applied,much more nitrate was accumulated in the deep soil layers and the potentiality of nitrate leaching loss（PNLL）became much stronger.When suitable amount of manure was with NP fertilizer（N 120 kg/ha,P 37.5 kg/ha,M 22 500 kg/ha）,the nitrate accumulation was sharply decreased in the deep soil layers,the PNLL was very weak.Suitable NP fertilizers rate and organic manure combined chemical fertilizer with a proper ratio is an effective ways to control accumulation of NO-3-N in soil profile and leaching loss.
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期180-185,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD29B05)
山西省科技攻关项目(2006031042)
农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室开放基金项目
关键词
旱地
褐土
硝态氮
分布与累积
氮平衡
Long-term fertilization
Cinnamon soil
NO-3-N
Distribution and accumulation
N balance
