摘要
崩岗是南方红壤区特有的一种严重侵蚀类型,可认为是发育在花岗岩浅丘岗地上的沟蚀地貌形态。崩岗崩壁高差和倾角都较大,这给监测工作造成了很大的困难,导致崩岗实测数据的匮乏。通过阐明各种土壤侵蚀监测技术的优缺点,结合崩岗地貌特征,分析可用于崩岗的监测技术。认为:径流小区与人工模拟降雨实验技术只能用于面蚀和细沟侵蚀研究;示踪技术可用于面蚀和沟蚀的研究,但不能满足崩岗的实验要求;侵蚀针等传统技术方法不能准确测量崩岗的侵蚀速率;由于崩壁高差太大,用差分GPS监测崩岗存在一定误差;三维激光扫描系统能够克服上述困难,能较为准确地扫描出崩岗的形态特征数据;航片解译可得到崩岗的空间分布数据,但需配合地面监测数据,才能较为准确地调查区域或流域的崩岗数据。另外,用侵蚀针等传统技术方法以及差分GPS对崩岗进行监测时,要注意监测人员的人身安全。
＂Benggang＂（slope collapse） as one of serious soil erosion types is typical in the southern red soil region.Based on its characteristics and all studies before,it is referred as the landscape of gully erosion in granite hill.Due to the great difference in elevation and large inclination angle of wall,it is very difficult to monitor gully characteristic and measure the soil loss made by slope collapse.Thus,little data was received for the retreat rate of gully wall and gully head and soil loss rate.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of soil erosion monitoring techniques,this study will propose the practicable monitoring technique to measure slope collapse combining with geomorphic characteristic of gully.The results are as follows： the runoff plots and artificial rainfall simulation experiment technology can only be used for sheet and rill erosion.Tracer technology can be used for sheet and rill erosion and gully erosion,but cannot satisfy the requirement of slope collapse in the southern red soil region.The traditional technology,such as erosion needle,cannot monitor accurately the erosion rate of slope collapse in the red soil region.The data using differential GPS has a specific error due to the great difference in elevation of gully wall.3D laser scanning system can overcome these difficulties and accurately scan the morphological characteristics.By interpreting air-photo,morphological characteristics of gully can be obtained.If comparing with the field data,the gully characteristics data would be more accurate.In addition,when gully is measured by the traditional technology,such as erosion needle and differential GPS,the safety of monitoring workers should be verified.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2011年第2期19-23,共5页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
长江科学院中央级公益性基本科研业务费"南方红壤区崩岗机理初步研究"(CKSF2010007)
中德交流项目"Assessment of freshwater ecosystems under global change"(GZ465)
关键词
崩岗
沟蚀
监测技术
土壤侵蚀
南方红壤区
slope collapse
gully erosion
monitoring technique
soil erosion
Southern red soil region
