摘要
显性学说和超显性学说是目前学术界解释作物杂种优势的基本学说。这两种学说对一些复杂的杂种优势现象仍无法解释。作者以杂种优势的过程性研究模型为基础，从基因的分子生物学入手，提出了作物杂种优势遗传机理的遗传振动合成学说。该假说认为：同工基因经转录、翻译成的同工蛋白质的数量变化的物理学意义是一种振动，这种振动可称为遗传振动；将两或多个同工基因所产生的蛋白质的振动的合成称为遗传振动合成； Ｆ１ 中某一同工基因的遗传振动随着时间的变化而呈出正向优势、无优势、负向优势，进而影响到其所参与或调控的最初代谢反应的产物优势随着时间的变化而变化；由于其它种同工基因的这种类似作用，代谢产物的逐级影响与逐级放大作用，加上外界环境对作物基因组的影响，最终影响到生物的表现性状，并使其杂种优势呈现出过程性特点。遗传振动合成学说是一个动态遗传理论，显性学说和超显性学说只是它的一个特例。
Dominance theory and overdominance theory are the basic theories of heterosis mechanism. It is difficult to explain some sophisticated heterosis phenomena according to these two theories. The concepts of isogene and isoprotein were developed according to the gene primary structure characteristics. Based on the basic model of heterosis process study, the resultant genetic vibration theory of heterosis mechanism was proposed according to the resultant action of the same genes in diploid crops. This theory is as followed: 1) The law of isoprotein synthesis encoded by isogenes is a kind of vibration, which is defined as genetic vibration. The resultant vibration of two or more isoproteins is defined as resultant genetic vibration. 2) The resultant genetic vibration in F 1 shows positive, none, or negative heterosis as the time goes on, which affects the metabolicreaction so that the products of the metabolic reaction appears positive, none, or negative heterosis as the time goes on. 3) The similar action of other kinds of isogenes, the interaction of different metabolic reaction and the effects of environmental factors on isogenes in plants ultimately affect the phenotypic traits and make the trait heterosis possess the process characteristics. This theory is a dynastic one, and dominance theory and overdominance theory are only the special cases of resultant genetic vibration theory.
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
1999年第3期314-319,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
广东省自然科学基金
关键词
作物
杂种优势
遗传机理
遗传振动合成
crop heterosis
genetic mechanism
resultant genetic vibration theory
