摘要
以垦鉴稻5号(J)和垦稻12号(D)为试材,采用负压式土壤湿度计严格监测土壤水势,2007~2008年在建三江科研所、大兴农场园区和庆安试验站进行大田控水试验;2009年在黑龙江八一农垦大学盆栽场(大庆市)进行盆栽控水试验;于水稻返青至成熟期进行-20 kPa和-10 kPa的间歇控水处理,系统地研究土壤水分对寒地水稻产量的影响。大田试验表明,全生育期以-10 kPa为控水下限进行节水灌溉多有利于不同生态区水稻产量的提高,大兴、庆安不同品种的增产幅度分别为1.60%~7.67%、1.51%~6.95%。盆栽结果表明,全生育期进行-8^-10 kPa的间歇控水,减少了两品种的穴穗数,且D品种的穗数降低达到极显著水平;控水处理增加了J品种的优、中势粒的粒数,增加了D品种的中、劣势粒;控水处理增加了两品种优、中、劣势粒的结实率,其中J品种控水处理的中势粒与劣势粒的增幅达到显著水平,D品种的优、中、劣势粒的结实率分别增加4.86%、5.42%和13.30%。控水处理使J品种的生物产量增加,却使D品种的生物产量显著降低;J和D品种的经济系数分别提高5.73%和3.21%;J品种的经济产量增加了14.47%,但降低了D品种的经济产量。两年不同生态区本田以-10 kPa为控水下限进行节水灌溉,节水率均达到20%以上。
With the rice varieties of Kenjiandao 5（J） and Kendao 12（D） as test materials, soil water potential（SWP） was examined rigorously with negative pressure soil moisture tensiometer.Field water-controlling experiments were carried out in the Institute of Jiansanjiang,Daxing Farm Garden and Qing＇an Experimental Station from 2007 to 2008.Pot water-controlling experiments were carried out in potted trial base of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University（Daqing）,and intermittent controlling water treatments（ICWT） at-20 kPa and-10 kPa of SWP were carried out from re-green to mature.The effects of soil moisture on yield of rice were studied systematically in cold region.The results are as follows： the ICWT at-10 kPa of SWP was beneficial to improve the rice yield of different regions.The yield increasing ranges of different varieties in Daxing and Qingan were 1.60%～7.67% and 1.51%～6.95% respectively.The results of potted experiments showed that panicles per hill of two varieties was decreased under the condition of controlling-water treatment,and D variety reached the extremely significant level;Grain numbers of superior and middle-position of J variety and middle and inferior-position of D variety were increased;Kernel seting rate of two varieties were increased,the increasing ranges of middle and inferior-position of J variety reached the significant level,kernel setting rate of superior,middle and inferior-position of D variety increased 4.86%,5.42% and 13.30% respectively.Biomass of J variety was increased,biomass of D variety was signficantly decreased,and economic indexs of two varieties increased 5.73% and 3.21% respectively;Economic yield of J variety increased 14.47%,economic yield of D variety was decreased.ICWT at-10 kPa of SWP were carried out in different eclogical regions,the rates of water saving were all above 20%.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期45-52,共8页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A01-6)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD65B03-3)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(nyhyzx07-001)
农业科技成果转化资金项目(2008GB2B200089)
关键词
寒地水稻
土壤水分
产量
rice in cold region
soil moisture
yield
