摘要
于2008-2009年在山东省东营市滨海盐碱地以露地直播(无地膜覆盖)或传统的浅播覆膜(开浅沟播种后平盖地膜)为对照,研究了深播覆膜(深播浅盖并形成膜下温室)对棉苗的效应。结果表明,与露地直播相比,浅播覆膜和深播覆膜都能显著提高幼苗期的地温,降低表层土壤的含盐量,深播覆膜比浅播覆膜的抑盐效果更好;深播覆膜后膜下温室内的日平均气温比外部气温提高了1.9℃。覆膜显著提高了棉花的成苗率、苗期单株干重和皮棉产量,降低了棉苗叶片Na+含量,并且深播好于浅播。与浅播覆膜相比,2008年深播覆膜的成苗率、播种后31 d的棉苗干重和最终皮棉产量分别提高了26.3%,9.9%和5%,棉苗叶片Na+含量降低了22%;2009年5个试验点的成苗率平均提高了24.9%,皮棉产量平均提高了6%。深播覆膜使棉田生态系统因增加膜下温室而成为4层次结构,改善了棉花成苗和幼苗生长的环境,促进了成苗和增产。
In 2008 and 2009 in Dongying City,Shandong Province,using shallow seeding without mulching（non-mulching） or traditional shallow seeding under mulching as the control,we conducted field experiments to study the ecological and biological effects of under-mulch greenhouse through deep-seeding in saline fields.Mulching significantly increased soil temperature and reduced soil salinity during emergence and seedling establishment regardless of seeding pattern,compared with the non-mulching control.Under mulching,deep seeding reduced soil salinity more than shallow seeding.Air temperature inside the under-mulch greenhouse was 1.9℃ higher than outside at a daily average basis.Mulching significantly increased stand establishment rate,plant biomass 31 days after planting and lint yield,and reduced Na＋ content in leaves.Compared to shallow seeding,deep-seeding increased establishment rate,plant biomass 31 days after sowing and lint yield at harvest by 26.3%,9.9% and 5%,respectively,and decreased Na＋ content in cotton leaves by 22% in 2008;averaged across five pilot sites in 2009,stand establishment rate increased by 24.9%,and lint yield increased by 6%.Under-mulch greenhouse is a new component of an ecosystem in mulched cotton field.It improved the ecological environment of cotton seedlings greatly,thus showing a significant role in promoting stand establishment and lint yield in saline fields.
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期121-126,共6页
Cotton Science
基金
山东省农业良种工程重大课题(2009LZ005-05)
现代棉花产业技术体系建设专项资金(2007-2011)
关键词
棉花
地膜覆盖
膜下温室
生态效应
成苗
皮棉产量
cotton
plastic film mulching
under-mulch greenhouse
ecological effects
stand establishment
lint yield
