摘要
面孔知觉中异族分类优势指人们对异族面孔的种族类别要比对本族面孔的种族类别判断得更快。近二十年来,国内外有关异族分类优势的研究取得了若干重要进展,研究者对该效应的内在机制提出各种理论假说,大体可以归为以下几类:多维空间理论,主张异族面孔在多维空间里构成的组群更加同质,因此更容易被分类;干扰假说,认为结构编码在异族面孔的知觉过程中不起主要作用,进而对异族面孔的识别就摆脱了结构编码的干扰而比较容易去分类;种族特征理论,强调在知觉异族面孔时注意资源主要分配在面孔的种族特征上,所以对种族信息判断较为迅速等等。解释异族分类优势现象的各种理论体现出研究者的不同视角,它们相互之间的联系和互补可能更有利于理解异族分类优势的内在机制。
Other-race advantage in race categorization expressed as faster categorization of other-race than own-race faces by race.In the last twenty years,significant headway was made in research of other-race advantage in oversea and domestic;the researchers had proposed many hypotheses of inner mechanisms about this effect into the following groups：The Multidimensional Space Hypothesis,suggested the other-race faces are more homogeneous to each other in this space,so we can easier to classification;The Interference Hypothesis,assuming the cogfigural coding were ineffective during the perception stage of other-race faces,so coding the race of other-race faces are easier because configural processing does not interfere;The Race-Feature Hypothesis,emphasized we all focused on the race features in the stage of face perception,and judged race information more quickly,ect.Plenty of explanations show different perspectives about the other-race advantage,the correlation and complement among these results helps to understand the inner mechanisms of this effect accurately.
出处
《心理研究》
2011年第2期13-17,共5页
Psychological Research
关键词
面孔认知
异族分类优势
异族效应
face recognition
other-race advantage
representation of faces
