摘要
当代情绪理论认为情绪反应包括生理唤醒、面部及躯体行为,以及主观体验等成分。本文对正常人群情绪反应的测量方法及其敏感的测量对象进行了回顾,主要包括自我报告法、自主神经系统测量、惊跳反应测量、脑测量及行为测量等。大量情绪研究表明,情绪反应的测量多是通过情绪维度和基本情绪状态两种方式组织起来的,不同的情绪测量方法对不同的组织方式敏感。未来的情绪测量标准是多元的,其测量方法的确立是以特定情绪问题为基础的。
A contemporary model of emotion believes that emotional response involves subjective experience,physiology arousal,facial and body posture expression,and external behavior.With the development of science and technology,the measurement of emotion is also progressively refined.This paper presents an overview of the measure methods for each response system in the model,including Self-report,Autonomic Nervous System（ANS）,Startle Response,Central Physiology and Behavior Measure.Emotional self-report measurement obviously supports the emotional dimension theory.This method holds that the dimensional classification,such as valence,arousal or approach and avoid ance is the main source of individual differences in emotion.Therefore,the first task of any self report method is to inspect the relevancy of emotional dimensions.ANS activity reflects the emotional arousal state rather than one basic emotion.However,in measuring multiple ANS simultaneously,the results could support the autonomic specificity hypothesis.As a method to measure emotional valence,startle response should satisfy two criterions as follows.Firstly,startle response is only sensitive to valence in high arousal environment.Secondly,compared with other cognitive methods,startle response is more sensitive to perceive stimulation（e.g.,emotion pictures）.In addition,the individual＇s emotional state could be inferred from his（or her） voice feature,facial expression and body posture.EEG and neural imaging studies found that the left hemisphere activation reflects the approaching state,while the right hemisphere activation reflects the avoiding state.The emotional state is complex and probably includes activated brain circuits.Therefore,neural imaging methods which examine multiple brain regions associated activities are more promising for understanding whether emotion is specific or not,and how emotion is embodies in brain.Having reviewed measures,it can be found that choosing a better research approach and a suitable measuring method are two key points in emotional measurement.Many emotion researches suggest that measures of emotion response appear to be structured through emotional dimensions（e.g.,valence,arousal） and discrete emotional states（e.g.,sadness,fear,anger）.Most existing studies were measured with the dimensional perspective,which seemed more rigorous.However,adopting multiple methods would surpass existing researches outcome,and the basic emotional perspective would be supported.Additionally,different emotional measures appear sensitive to different organizational patterns.But viewed from the developing trend,multi-measure is the direction of emotional research in the future.There are three major causes.First of all,previous studies have shown that any emotion is complex.It is difficult to guarantee that emotion is just as unidimensional as theory describing.Thus,any single measuring method can not construct an emotional model accurately.The more measure methods,the greater flexibility of research,and the more result accuracy.Second,it is normal that there exist measuring errors among different emotional measures because different measuring methods have various influencing factors.Examining and adjusting these factors is very useful to understand emotion essence.Third,when several emotional measuring differences are significant,it is very important to find a more specific method to understand the nature of emotion response.In short,the standard of emotion measuring should be multiple in the future.The measure method should be established based on specific emotional problems.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期488-493,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题"青少年自我调节学习发展模式及作用机制研究"(BBA090065)的资助
关键词
情绪
测量
情绪维度
基本情绪
emotion
measurement
dimensional scheme
discrete emotional state
