摘要
以抑郁的绝望理论和最弱联结假设为基础,采用纵向追踪研究设计,应用多层线性模型分析考察抑郁绝望理论在我国儿童中的适用情况。结果表明:1、应激事件水平能预测抑郁症状的程度,并且在较大年龄儿童中具有更强的预测性;2、虽然研究结果的统计显著性不支持以最弱联结假设为认知依据的绝望理论,但在一定程度上还是反应了该理论的适用性;3、个体认知归因方式可能在儿童阶段开始形成并逐渐发展成熟。
The goal of the present study was to test on the basis of weakest link hypothesis the applicability of the Hopelessness theory in a sample of Chinese school children （n=1417）.In the initial test,1417 school children（between 6 and 13 years of age） completed measures assessing depressogenic inferential styles（DISs）,hassles and depressive symptoms.After that,every 2 months,the children completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and hassles in 3 follow-up times.We utilized the six-month multi-wave,longitudinal design in order to examine whether（1） the level of stress could predict the symptom of depression;and（2） the depressogenic inferential styles（weakest link） moderated the association between the occurrence of children＇s negative events and subsequent increases in depressive symptoms.According to the Hopelessness theory,there were three distinct DISs that served as distal contributory causes of depression：（a） the tendency to attribute negative events to global and stable causes;（b） the tendency to catastrophize the consequences of negative events;and（c） the tendency to perceive the self as very bad following negative events.The weakest link hypothesis posits that an individual is as vulnerable to depression as his/her most DISs make him/her（Abela Sarin,2002）.Therefore,according to this hypothesis,when testing the Hopelessness theory,researchers should assess all three DISs and determine each participant＇s degree of vulnerability in using his or her most depressogenic style and（3） age and gender moderated the influence of stress and depressogenic inferential styles on increases in depressive symptoms;in order to improve the statistic accuracy,the idiographic,hierarchical linear modeling analysis was used.The result：（1） The results of multi-level linear model analysis indicated that the level of stress and weakest link predicted the symptoms of depression significantly（F=91.96 and 21.41,P.001）;（2） The interaction between age and stress had a significant influence on the symptom of depression（F=21.79,P.001）;and the interaction of age and depressogenic weakest link predicted the symptom of depression significantly（F=8.29,P.01）;However,our multi-level linear model analysis indicated that a depressogenic weakest link was not significantly associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in stress （F=2.22,P.05）;（3） Using the SAS estimate process,we discovered that higher depressogenic weakest link participants showed a greater increase of symptoms of depression than the lower ones when the stress level changed from a lower point to a higher one.The estimated line slope of the former was 0.12,and the latter was 0.08,but there was no significant difference.Our conclusion：1.The stress predicted children＇s depressive symptoms,and older children had a higher instance of depressive symptoms;2.The interaction of weakest link and stress didn＇t have a statistic significance to predict symptoms of depression,but exhibited the same trend as the Hopelessness theory described;3.Childhood may be the personal development stage in which a person begins and develops his/her attributive and cognitive style.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期465-470,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
关键词
绝望理论
最弱联结
追踪研究
多层线性模型
儿童
Hopelessness theory
Weakest link
Longitudinal research
Multilevel model
Children
