摘要
本研究旨在了解高校心理咨询师的专业能力及专业发展。选取24名来自北京8所高校从事心理咨询的专职或兼职心理咨询师进行4个焦点小组访谈。研究发现,高校心理咨询接触到的主要问题是心理障碍,多数心理咨询师胜任工作的专业能力不足,专业训练和实践均有欠缺,专业发展的需求强烈。健全高校临床与咨询心理学学历教育,推行心理咨询师资格认证和审核制度以及完善继续教育机制是促进高校心理咨询师专业能力及专业发展的重要途径。
To investigate the professional competence and development of college psychological counselors,according to the principle of convenience sampling,twenty-four full-time or part-time counselors from eight colleges in Beijing were recruited for four focus group interviews in January 2010,5-7 persons per focus group,each interview lasting 120 minutes.The semi-structured interview outline was prepared in advance,including four parts such as the routine issue of counseling practice,theoretical orientation,professional training and personal development.With the respondents＇ permission,the focus group interviews were recorded and later were verbatim transcribed.Data were coded and analyzed through category analysis.First of all,one author extracted the main concept or theme from the interview data sentence by sentence;then all these analyses were looked through by the other authors;Finally,all authors had group discussion about doubts or inconsistencies for data analysis.The study revealed that the main problems the clients brought to the counseling room were mental disorders.Most college counselors were deficient in competence of counseling,lacking in professional training and practice.They had a strong desire for professional development.The results were embodied in the following areas：The college counselors often encountered but found it difficult to cope with obsessive-compulsive neurosis and personality disorder.They were obviously inadequate to hande mental illness diagnosis,for want of not only basic training of counseling skills,but also specialized training before being college counselors.Most college counselors were short of sufficient professional practice.The novice was lacking in theoretical orientation,and their most obvious problem to overcome was anxiety.Standardizing clinical and counseling psychology degree education,establishing certificating system and improving continuous education are important approaches for promoting the professional competence and development of college counselors.The innovation of this study consists of three parts：Firstly,this study selects college counselor as research objects specifically.Most of previous studies engaged in counseling staff and mental health education teachers in a mixed way.In fact,they are two different groups： their competence is different.Secondly,this study uses focus group interviews.Previous studies on the ability of counselor,mostly through questionnaires about their educational background and professional training experience,didn＇t mention the subjective feelings of counselors in their routine work.Through focus group interviews,the subjective experience and future professional development needs can be learned.Lastly,this study has some reference to other professional groups.College counselors as a professional team are relatively neat and have received academic education;the exploratory research on professional capacity and professional development in this group has some referential experience.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期451-455,共5页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
科技部十一五国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BAI77B10)资助
关键词
心理咨询师
专业能力
专业发展
高校
焦点小组访谈
counselor
professional competence
professional development
college
focus group interview
