摘要
采用重要他人和老化态度问卷测查了441名老年人的社会支持和老化态度情况,并且从支持的数量和质量角度以及实际支持和期望支持的角度细致考察了社会支持与老化态度的关系。结果表明:(1)老年人的支持来源符合层级补偿模型;(2)不同性别、年龄及受教育水平的老年人在重要社会支持上存在显著差异;(3)老年人从重要他人那里获得的实际社会支持的质量越高,老化态度越积极。
Many studies have shown that social support is beneficial to people＇s mental health.Support from significant others is more important to the elderly.This study mainly explored significant others＇ social support of the elderly from two-fold dimensions,namely,quantity versus quality of the support,and actual versus ideal support.This study also aimed at examining the relationship between social support and the elderly attitudes toward aging.The present study applied Significant Others Scale（SOS,Power et al.,1988） and Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire（AAQ,Laidlaw et al.,2007） to 441 older adults.SOS was applied to assessing social support functions from key individuals（at most 7 people）.The scale consisted of three separate indices—actual,ideal and the calculated discrepancy between the actual and ideal.AAQ was applied to assessing the elderly＇s attitudes to aging,which were composed of three dimensions： psychosocial loss,physical change,psychological gain.Psychosocial loss was negative attitude;the others were positive ones. The results showed that：（1） As people grow older,the number of significant others decreased.Spouse,offspring,friends and other relatives were ranked in an descending order of importance.（2） There were significant differences in social support between male and female older adults.Women got and expected more average social support than men.（3） Significant age differences were found in the elders＇ social support.Older people got less social support in quantity,but no significant difference in quality.（4） The elderly with better education got both less social support and low expectations.（5） Subjective health had no significant effect on social support.（6） There was no relation between attitudes to aging and the number of significant others.A significant positive correlation was found between positive attitudes to aging（physical change and psychological gain） and social support in both quantity and quality.Similarly, the discrepancy between the actual and ideal and negative attitudes to aging had a positive correlation.（7） Regression analysis indicated the quality of the social support could significantly predict all three dimensions of attitudes to aging,whereas the quantity could predict psychosocial loss only.Finally,we arrived at four conclusions：（1） The sources of support were in accordance with the hierarchical compensation model.（2） There were significant differences in social support in terms of gender,age and education levels of older adults.（3） The more support the elderly got and the less discrepancy they had,the more positive attitudes to aging they would have.（4） Social support,especially the quality of support could predict the elderly＇s attitudes to aging significantly.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期441-446,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
教育部一般人文社科基金(青年)(08JCXLX002)的资助
关键词
社会支持
老化态度
重要他人
老年人
social support
attitudes toward aging
significant others
older adult
