摘要
河南晚石炭世太原组为一套海陆交互相的含煤地层,在灰岩层中含有一些保存较好的四射珊瑚化石,过去从未报道。本文记述的四射珊瑚化石是由笔者之一梁湘沅近年来在河南巩县、鹤壁及永城地区的太原组钻孔内采得的。经鉴定有4属6种1未定种,其中5新种,它们是:Lopholasma cratoseptatatum sp.nov,Lophocarinophyllum karpinskyi Fomichev,L.misticarinum sp.nov.,L.tenuiseptatum sp.nov.,L.sp.,Tachylasma carinum sp.nov.,yakovleuiella raridissepta sp.nov.。以上珊瑚中,Lopholasma最早出现在北美中泥盆统,后见于亚洲石炭系(Hill,1981),
The fossil rugose corals described in this paper were collected from the limestones in some boreholes of the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in Gongxian, Hebi and Yongcheng districts, Henan. There are totally 4 genera and 6 species (including 5 new species), namely: Lopholasma cratoseptatum sp. nov., Lophocarinophyllum karpinskyi Fomichev; L. misticarinum sp. nov., L. tenuiseptatum sp. nov., Tachylasrna carinum sp. nov. and Yakovleviella raridissepta sp. nov. Among the four genera, Lopholasma and Tachylasma are first found in the coal-bearing strata of China; Lophocarinophyllurn karpinskyi Fomichev is known to occur in the Upper Carboniferous of the Donetz Basin, while Yakovleviella occurs in the Upper Carboniferous of the Donetz Basin as well as in the Maping and Taiyuan Formations of Guizhou and Shanxi, China. Description of New Species Family Stereolasmatidae Fomichev, 1953 Genus Lopholasma Simpson, 1900 Lopholasma cratoseptatum sp. nov. (P1. Ⅰ, fig. 1; text-fig. 1) Diagnosis: Septa strongly thickened and mixed. Description: Corallite solitary-small, conical, measuring 4mm in diameter. Marginal ste- reozone 0.3—0.6 mm in thickness. Septa of one order, totally 15 in number, with 6 in cardinal quadrant and 9 in counter quadrant, strongly thickened and mixed in inner part and extending to the center, fibronormal in fine skeletal structure; cardinal septum shortened; 2 alar septa extending to center and connected with counter septum. A few carinae observable on sides of septa. Remarks: This new species may be compared with Lopholasma carinatum Simpson 1900, but in the latter, the septa are thinned, the carinae are slightly developed and the cardinal fossula is comparatively developed. Horizon and Locality: Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation; Chenhetuo of Longgong prospecting district, Hebi City, Henan. Family Lophophyllidae Grabau, 1928 Genus Lophocarinophyllum Grabau, 1922 Lophocarinophyllum misticarinum sp. nov. (P1. Ⅰ, fig. 4; text-fig. 2) Diagnosis: Lateral carinae developed, in the shape of short swords, hooks, turnoutsor twigs. Description: Corallite conical, solitary, small, measuring 10 mm in diameter. Marginal stereozone 0.8 mm in thickness. Septa of two orders, 22+22 in number, fibronormal in fine skeletal structure; major septa connected with each other, forming lateral inner wall in axial part, while minor ones forming short spines; cardinal septum shortened. Carinae developed, in the shape of short swords, hooks, tumours or twigs, irregularly arranged to form inner wall at septal ends. Stereocolumella elliptical in shape, measuring 1.7 mmin transverse diameter; trabeculae connected with those of counter septum. In longitudinal section, transverse carinae regularly arranged, with a space of about 0.8—1.2 mm between two carinae. Tabulae with a few developed, inclining outward. Remarks: In characters of stereocolumella and carinae, this species resembles Lophocarinophyllum laticarinum Zhao, but in the latter, he twig-shaped carinae are undeveloped. Horizon and Locality: Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation at Gedian of Yingcheng, Henan. Lophocarinophyllum tenuiseptatum sp. nov (P1. Ⅰ, fig. 2) Diagnosis: A coral characterized by the thinned septa. Description: Corallite solitary-small, conical, measuring 10 mm in diameter. Marginal stereozone 0.5 mm in thickness. Septa of two orders, 25+25 in number, fibronormal in fine skeletal structure; major septa thinned, connected with each other at some ends to form incomplete and arch-shaped inner wall, while minor ones forming long or short spines. Carinae developed, in the shape of short hooks or short swords, sometimes with a few of them developed at septal ends. Stereocolumella fusiform, measuring 1.3 mm in transverse diameter; trabeculae discontinuous. In longitudinal section, transverse carinae in parallel arrangement, wtih a space of about 0.6—1.2 mm between two carinae; trabeculae closed. Tabulae rarely developed and inclining outward. Remark: In the thinned septa, this speciesis similar to Lophocarinophyllum fusiforme Yu et Wang, 1987, but the latter is characterized by the smaller number of septa. Horizon and Locality: Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation; Gongxian County, Henan. Family Bothrophyllidae Fomichev, 1953 Genus Yakovleviella Fomichev, 1953 Yakovleviella raridissepta sp. nov. (P1. Ⅰ, fig. 7; text-fig. 3) Diagnosis: A coral characterized by the rarely developed dissepiments. Description: Corallite small-solitary, measuring 11.7 mm in diameter. Outer wall about 0.3 mm in thickness. Septa of two orders, 25+25 in number, fibronormal in fine skeletal structure, with 15 of them strongly thickened in cardinal quadrant, and 10 of them slightly thickened n counter quadrant; cardinal septum shortened; all septa extending to the axial part, while counter septum extending to the center and connected with cardinal septum. Enclosing wall thickened on lateral of septa-shaped columella. Minor septa very short. In longitudinal section, dissepiments very rare. Tabulae incomplete and inclining toward the outer part. Remarks: In the septa strongly thickened in the cardinal quadrant and the columella connected with the counter septum, this species is similar to Yakovleviella tschernyschewi Fomichev, 1953, but in the latter, the dissepiments are well developed. Horizon and Locality: Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation; Gongxian County, Henan. Family Pentaphyllidae Schindewolf, 1942 Genus Tachylasma Grabau, 1922 Tachylasma carinum sp. nov. (P1. Ⅰ, fig. 5; text-fig. 4) Diagnosis: Cardinal septum thinned, shortened and developed with 2 twig-shaped carinae on sides; 2 lateral septa and 2 counter lateral septa in the shape of wooden club; counter septum shortened. Description: Corallite solitary-small, conical, measuring 10 mm in diameter, with outer wall about 1 mm in thickness. Major septa 20 in number, connected with each other at their ends to form axial stereozone, with a diameter about half that of the corallite, fibronormal in fine skeletal structure; cardinal septum thinned, shortened and developed with 2 twig-shaped carinae on sides; 2 lateral septa and 2 counter lateral septa in the shape of wooden club; counter septum shortened; minor septa developed in marginal stereozone. Tabulae with a few in number inclining toward the outer part. Remarks: The developed carinae are characteristic of this species, by which it is easily distinguished from other species of Tachylasma. Horizon and Locality: Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation; Gongxian County, Henan.
出处
《古生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1989年第4期488-494,575,共7页
Acta Palaeontologica Sinica
