摘要
骨质疏松动物模型分全身性骨质丢失和局部骨质丢失模型。全身性骨质丢失模型根据采用方法又分为双侧卵巢切除造模和药物（ 非手术） 造模。局部性骨质丢失模型有单侧肢体废退性模型（固定一侧肢体，使其发生废退性变） 和悬吊失重模型（ 悬吊使动物后肢悬空、头低位，造成后肢失重） 。以全身性骨质丢失模型使用较普遍，其中手术切除双侧卵巢造模，因其方法简单，模型效果好而常被采用。常用的动物有大鼠、小鼠、小猪、山羊、小猎狗等，以大鼠为主。虽然造模的方法不同，但其评价的标准是相同的。都采用①生化指标：血清雌二醇、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶、总钙、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基肽、尿羟脯氨酸、尿钙等；②骨密度测量；③骨组织计量学；④骨生物力学；⑤骨胶原纤维染色。选择动物时要注意动物的年龄。不同年龄对模型的效果有很大的影响。评价方法中，骨密度值在小动物（ 如大鼠和小鼠） 中意义不大。
There are two major animal models in experimental osteoporosis, one is total body bone mass loss ( total body BML), the other, local bone mass loss (local BML). Dependent upon the methodscarried on, the total body BML models are divided into two kinds, ovariectomized model and drug treated model. The local BML models are also two groups, single leg abolition degeneration model which was performed by one leg fixed while the other legs staying normally, and the hang weightlessness model which was performed by posterior legs hung with the head upside down. The total body BML models are used widely, especially the oophorectomized ones because of the simple performance process and well results. The animals used commonly are rat, mouse, minipig, mountain sheep, beagle dog, etc. The judging criterions for these models are similar although the methods were difference in establishment. The parameters are ①biochemical data, such as serum estrogen concentration, BGP, total calcium, alkline phosphatase activity, Pro Ⅰ C, urine hydoxyproline, urine calcium; ②bone mineral density measurement;③bone histomorphormetry; ④bone biomechanics; ⑤bone collagen dye. It should pay attention to the animal's years that you have choosen since the results varied in different years. For the little animal, such as rat and mouse, the parameter of bone mineral density was less important for judge the osteoporosis. Biochemical data and bone histomorphormetry are better parameters for judging the experimental osteoporosis.
出处
《中国药理学通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第5期391-395,共5页
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin
关键词
骨质疏松
动物模型
骨质丢失
评价
osteoporosis, experimental, animal model, total body bone mass loss, local bone mass loss, judging criterion
