摘要
地处长江中游的洞庭湖是一个承纳湘、资、沅、澧四水和吞吐长江的洪道型湖泊。在其特殊的地理环境与碟形盆地圈带状景观结构控制下，形成了以敞水带、季节性淹没带、渍水低地为主的我国最大的湖泊地区湿地景观，湿地总面积８７７０×１０４ｈｍ２。由于湖区发展过程中没有协调好人地、人湖关系，中上游干支流水土流失加剧、湖泊泥沙淤积与过度围湖垦殖、高水位地段农业布局与种植制度不合理等人为因素导致湿地面积减少，调蓄能力下降，洪水位抬升，外洪内涝交织，灾害频率上升，资源过度利用与闲置并存等问题。为了合理开发湿地资源，必须强化湿地整体管理，控制湿地开发规模，适度退田还湖还蓄（洪区），调整农业布局与种植制度，走集约持续发展之路，建设复合高效湿地生态系统。进行适应洪涝灾害发生规律的避洪、耐渍型生态设计，建立复合高效生态工程模式。
The wetland in Dongting Lake region covers an area of 877×10 3 ha,which can be divided into three types: open fresh waters, seasonally flooded basins and flats, shallow fresh marshes. Due to soil erosion in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze, the deposition of sediment in the lake, reclaiming land from lake marshes on large scale, irrational distribution of agriculture and improper cropping system at high water level zone, the regulating capacity of the lake for floods is descending,the flood water level rises,and the flood period is prolonged. The large scale development of wetland has made some harmful influence on the ecological environment,resulting in the aggravation of the flood and water logging of disasters, the exasperation of the contradiction between agriculture, fish farming, water storage and inland navigation, and the degradation of ecological environment. In order to utilize and protect wetland rationally, the following measures are suggested: 1) controlling the scale of wetland reclamation,constructing high efficiency wetland ecosystem,and appropricately enlarging the area for flood water storage,while reducing the area of rice fields;2) adjusting allocation of agriculture and cropping systems. 3) breeding and popularizing soak resistant varieties of rice.4)strengthening comprehensive management of the wetland.Nine models for comprehensive utilization of open fresh waters, seasonally flooded basins and flats, shallow fresh marshes are put forward.
出处
《热带地理》
北大核心
1999年第2期130-136,共7页
Tropical Geography
基金
中国科学院区域开发前期研究资助项目
关键词
湿地
洪涝
洞庭湖
生态工程
资源管理
生态功能
Dongting lake
Wetland
Flood and water logging
Ecological engineering
Resource management
