摘要
地貌的平衡与演化牵涉到地貌学的理论核心，是其他地貌问题研究的前提和基础。但长期以来对此缺乏共识，认识混乱。文中讨论了地貌平衡的基本含义，认为根据剥蚀速率和堆积速率的大小，可把地貌平衡分为稳定平衡、不稳定平衡及动力平衡等３类，除稳定平衡外，其他两类平衡连同不平衡和非平衡都是与时间相关的（只是相关程度不同而已），因而都是地貌演化的表现形式。即平衡可以伴随地貌演化而存在，把平衡与演化对立起来的错误观点引起了不少混乱。真实地貌作为演化着的地球的一部分，无论开放还是近似地看成封闭，都在演化。运用历史分析法，在外力作用下不断消失着的古老地貌中寻找古地貌残迹、被掩埋的古地貌以及古地貌格局，并与地壳演化研究相结合，与深部构造研究相结合，从而恢复地貌发展历程，探求地貌演化规律，是历史地貌学研究的重要任务。
The problem on the equilibrium and evolution of landforms is the one that concerns the key of geomorphologic theories and undoubtedly is the premise and base of other discussion of geomorphologic problems. However, it is full of confusion and lacking in common views. In this paper the basic concept of geomorphologic equilibrium is reexamined. Based on the differences of erosion rate and deposition rate, 3 basic types of equilibrium, steady equilibrium, dis-steady equilibrium as well as dynamic equilibrium, are distinguished. Except for the steady equilibrium, the other two types of equilibrium, together with disequilibrium and nonequilibrium are all time-dependent (only at different dependent level). So they are all the expression of evolution. In other words, landforms could evolve at the same time of equilibrium. The false opinion that equilibrium conflicts with evolution has caused a lot of confusion in geomorphology. It is pointed out that real landforms, as a part of the evolving earth, could not avoid evolution either in open or in approximate closed system. Therefore, the important task of historic geomorphologic research is to find out the relics of ancient landforms, the ancient landforms buried as well as the ancient system that control today′s landscape more or less and to study these paleo-landforms in combination with the research of deep geology and the evolution of the earth so as to recover the course of landscapes evolution and discover the laws of landscapes development.
出处
《热带地理》
北大核心
1999年第2期97-106,共10页
Tropical Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
地貌平衡
地貌演化
时间相关
夷平面
地貌学
Equilibrium of landforms
Evolution of landforms
Time-dependent
Planation surfaces
