摘要
跨界水污染纠纷已经严重影响到区域间环境和社会稳定。在我国传统条块结合的环境管理体制下,由跨界水污染引发的利益冲突和纠纷持续不断。尽管我国跨区域水污染纠纷协调机制尚未建立,但在许多地区已经进行了有益的探索和实践,发现了一些不足之处。应用多准则决策分析法可以评估和比较跨界水环境管理条约,识别最可取的条约,同时可以对现有的条约提供进一步完善的建议。本文应用多准则决策分析之一的消元法,通过三个主要指标共11条标准,对我国跨国界、省界、市界和跨流域4个不同层次的单边和多边跨界环境管理条约进行评估和比较。结果显示,我国跨界水环境条约存在的问题主要有:我国各层级跨界水环境管理政策在法律上缺乏有效的程序性立法;执行上缺乏相应的法律保障和配套机制,执行不力;争端解决机制缺乏有效的管理机构、依法处理程序和磋商解决机制。通过对现存条约的分析比较和提供建议,为构建我国跨区域水污染纠纷协调机制提供技术和政策支持。
Trans-boundary water pollution disputes have seriously affected the regional environment security and social stability. Serious trans-boundary conflicts over water pollution have continued under the traditional slice-intersect management mode. Although coordination mechanisms have not been established in our cross-regional （basin） water disputes, some deficiencies were found after many useful explorations and practices in many areas had been conducted. Water environmental pollution has trans-boundary effects that need to be tackled multilaterally. Trans-boundary water treaties are evaluated using Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis （MCDA） to identify the most desirable treaty and suggested how existing treaties can be improved. More specifically, a flexible MCDA technique, called the Elimination Method, has been employed to analyze and compare three multilateral treaties and two bilateral trans-boundary treaties according to three main criteria, a total of 11 standards at four scales： cross state, provincial, municipal and watershed borders. The analytical results reveal limitations of these water policies with respect to conflict resolutions： （1）the management policies in the absence of effective legal procedural legislation at all spatial scales ; （2）lack of legal protection and support mechanisms, ineffective implementation; （3）lack of effective organizations, legal procedures and solutions through consultation mechanisms in dispute settlement mechanisms. We provide directions for the possible improvement in disputes coordination mechanisms and provide technical and policy support.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第3期25-29,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目(编号:2007BAC16B05)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(编号:2008ZX07101-004-05)
关键词
跨界污染
空间尺度
多准则决策
争端解决机制
trans-boundary pollution
spatial scale
multi-criteria decision analysis
dispute settlement mechanism
