摘要
Alexander在1986年提出了间接互惠的概念,并在次年出版的《道德体系生物学》一书中进行了系统阐述,用来解释人类道德以及大规模合作行为的起源。间接互惠一经提出就得到了广泛的关注,研究者基于进化博弈论的视角对间接互惠进行了诸多研究,认为人群中间接互惠的大量存在是声誉机制的结果,并提出了诸如印象分数、名声、标签等不同的声誉机制,但是目前关于声誉机制的研究大都建立在个体信息可被所有他人观察到的假设之上,多在个体层面展开声誉机制的研究。今后应该注重在信息不充分情景下开展群体层面上声誉传递机制的研究,探讨间接互惠中心理机制(如信任、公平等)的作用并提高研究的生态效度。
Alexander （1986） first proposed the concept of indirect reciprocity, then in a book named The Biology of Moral Systems （1987）, applied it to the explanation of the origins of human morality and large-scale cooperative behaviors. Since then, indirect reciprocity has obtained much academic attention. In the last decades, based on the view of Evolutionary Game Theory, researchers have carried out many studies to investigate the reputation mechanisms （such as image score, standing and tag etc） resulting in the universal existence of indirect reciprocity. However, most researches of reputation mechanisms were based on an assumption that one＇s actions can be fully perceived by the others, and the results analysis in the researches were conducted merely on individual level. Future studies should pay more attention to reputation transmission on group level when information is not sufficient, and probe into the psychological mechanisms （e.g. fairness, trust） underlying indirect reciprocity and improve the ecological validity of indirect reciprocity research.
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期233-242,共10页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
中央财经大学高层次人才引进科研启动项目
科研创新团队计划资助
关键词
直接互惠
间接互惠
声誉
声誉传递
direct reciprocity
indirect reciprocity
reputation
reputation transmission
