摘要
滨河湿地的发育与退化过程受河流水文过程的显著影响.以黄河湿地国家自然保护区孟津湿地为研究对象,通过滨河湿地地下水位变化(特别是小浪底水库调水调沙期间)野外定位观测,深入分析了滨河湿地地下水水位与洪水的响应关系.结果表明,滨河湿地地下水位受河水水位影响显著,地下水位的波动幅度与河岸距离之间存在明显的负指数关系,调水期内这种关系的相关性达到最大(R2>0.98).受滩区耕作制度、河道与监测井位垂直距离、河水水位变化的多重影响,滨河湿地地下水位年际变化差别较大.距离河道较远的人工湿地趋势呈"宀"形,距离河道较近农耕旱地的井位则呈现"尖顶"型.距离河道400 m左右的区域内水位受洪水影响明显,距离河道200 m以内区域水位受洪水影响显著,尤其是距离河道100 m的区域变化强烈,表明其水力联系非常密切,为典型的滩区地下水-河流的水文交错带.该区域的合理保护(100 m以内为极重要区,100～200 m为重要区)对于保护河流水质和地下水水质十分重要.
The development and degradation processes of riparian wetlands are significantly affected by river hydrological processes.By observing the variation of groundwater levels in riparian wetlands at the Kouma section of the Yellow River Wetland,especially that during the period of regulation for water and sediment at the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,relationship between groundwater level in riparian wetlands and flood water level in the river is studied.The results show that groundwater level in riparian wetlands is significantly affected by water level in the river investigated.There is a negative exponential relationship between groundwater level and the distance between wells and river.The correlation coefficient shows the maximum（R2 0.98） during the period of regulation for water and sediment.Affected by the cultivation system in the flooding area,distance between monitoring wells and river bank,water level in the river variation of groundwater level in the wetland changed greatly.In artificial wetland,which is far from the river,the inter-annual variation in groundwater levels show a ＂宀＂shape,while in the farmland,which is close to the river,the inter-annual variation of groundwater levels show a big peak.The groundwater level 400 m from the river is affected by flood events obviously,that in the area which is less than 200 m from the river is significantly affected by flood events in the area which is especially less than that in the area that is less than 100 m from the river,the groundwater level is affected by flood events intensively.The result indicated that there was a very close relationship between groundwater and surface water,and it was the hydrological ecotone between groundwater of riparian wetlands and the river.It is very important that rational protection for this region（very important for the area which is less than 100 m from the river,important for the area that is between 100 m and 200 m from the river） is critical for the conservation of water quality in the river and groundwater quality.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期362-367,共6页
Environmental Science
基金
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-09-0120)
中国科学院城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLURE2010-2-4)
国家自然科学基金项目(30570276)
河南省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目(2010B610006)
关键词
滨河湿地
地下水水位
洪水
响应关系
riparian wetlands
groundwater level
flood
relationship
