摘要
氨是重要的化工原料和产品,工艺流程中氨主要以氨气、液氨、氨溶液三种状态存在。氨气、液氨、氨溶液理化特性及危险特性不同,可能造成的事故后果类型不同,分别进行三种相态下氨泄漏的事故情景分析。氨气泄漏主要考虑蒸气云爆炸、中毒,液氨泄漏主要考虑沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸、蒸气云爆炸、中毒,氨溶液泄漏主要考虑中毒和腐蚀。运用半球模型和高斯模型计算某尿素企业液氨球罐泄漏的危害范围。半球泄漏模型计算方法较简单,但没有考虑氨本身性质及气象条件等因素;高斯模型计算过程较复杂,其计算结果与风速、大气稳定度等条件相关。该两种方法计算结果对预防氨泄漏事故发生和氨泄漏事故预警均具有一定参考意义,如何提高模拟分析的准确度是今后研究工作的重点。
Ammonia is an important chemical material.There are three phases in industrial process：ammonia gas,liquefied ammonia and ammonia solution.Because the physical and chemical characteristics and the hazardous characteristics of three phases are different;the incident consequences also vary.The incident scenarios are of ammonia leak in three phases.The hazard of ammonia gas leak focuses on vapor cloud explosion and poisoning.The hazard of liquefied ammonia leak focuses on vapor explosion due to boiling liquid expansion,vapor cloud explosion and poisoning.The hazard of ammonia solution leak focuses on poisoning and corrosion.The half sphere and the Gaussian models are used to calculate the hazard scope of liquefied ammonia leak in spherical tank.The half sphere model is simple but does not consider ammonia characteristics and air conditions.The Gaussian model is complex and its results correspond to wind speed;atmosphere stability;etc.The results of both methods are important in preventing and forewarning ammonia incidents.The priority of the research is on how to improve the accuracy of simulation analysis.
出处
《中国安全生产科学技术》
CAS
北大核心
2011年第1期157-160,共4页
Journal of Safety Science and Technology
关键词
氨气
液氨
氨溶液
事件树
事故后果
ammonia gas
liquefied ammonia
ammonia solution
event tree
accident consequence
