摘要
人类的生产活动必然对资源与环境造成影响,以红壤丘陵区的湖南省祁阳县为研究对象,应用经济学和生态学方法,对粮食生产中的生态成本进行了研究。结果表明:2008年该区粮食生产生态损失总价值相当于当年农业总产值的4.85%;早、中、晚稻生态成本已分别达到3.18、2.44、3.02元/kg,而出售单价分别为1.76、1.90、1.84元/kg,高成本低收益的情况对该区域的可持续发展产生着不利影响;在当前生产力水平条件下,适度提高化肥、农药、农业机械、农膜、劳动力的投入,提高水稻产量,扩大家庭种植规模,可降低生产单位水稻的生态成本。
Human activities and food production are bound to affect resources and the environment.For a long time the direct costs of food production have been calculated while ignoring ecological loss costs.The correct assessment of the ecological costs of food production is important.Such assessments can be used to properly evaluate the economic benefits of agricultural production,to realize sustainable development of the ecological economy,to regulate food production patterns,and to develop industrial policies.In this paper,statistical and household survey data from Qiyang County were analyzed using economic and ecological methods to investigate the ecological costs of food production in the hilly red soil region of southern China in 2008.In order to explore the ecological costs of food production more accurately,this study analyzed both the costs of ecological loss and direct production.In other words,ecological costs are equal to the costs of ecological loss plus the costs of direct production.The costs of ecological loss refer to the negative impact of food production on the ecological environment and include soil loss costs,nutrient loss costs,water pollution costs,and costs related to the loss of land resources and water conserving ability.Direct production costs refer to the costs of planting from sowing to harvest,including costs related to seeds,chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,pesticides,plastic film,irrigation,agricultural machinery,and labor.The results showed that ecological damage due to grain production in this region was equivalent to 4.85% of the total agricultural output in 2008.Once the ecological environment has been severely damaged,sustainable development of the ecological economy faces a severe test.Ecological costs in this region reached 3.18 Yuan/kg for early-season rice,2.44 Yuan/kg for mid-season rice,and 3.02 Yuan/kg for late-season rice in 2008.However,unit sales were 1.76 Yuan/kg for early-season rice,1.90 Yuan/kg for mid-season rice,and 1.84 Yuan/kg for late-season rice.Rice production resulted in financial loss to agriculture producers and resulted in a negative attitude among the laborers.The combination of high production costs and low income have affected sustainable development in this region and become a threat to the area′s food security.Principal component analysis of the various factors affecting the ecological costs of food production in the hilly red soil region of southern China showed that,under current production conditions,moderate increases in the use of chemical fertilizer,pesticides,agricultural machinery,plastic film,and labor inputs would reduce the ecological costs of rice production.Rice yield and organic fertilizer inputs are important factors affecting the ecological costs of rice production.Irrigation costs have little effect on ecological costs in this region because of the abundance of water resources.Ecological costs of rice production in this region declined as the amount of cultivated land per family increased.This indicates that if the government expands the scale of family agricultural production in the hilly red soil region of southern China,then the ecological costs of rice production would be reduced,the economic efficiency of agricultural production would be increased,and the mood of agricultural workers would be improved.These changes would be conducive to achieving sustainable development of the ecological economy of this region.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期1101-1110,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD09B10)
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD15B01-03)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目(KSCX-YW-09-07)
中国科学院农业资助项目(KSCX2-Yw-N-46-04)
关键词
粮食生产
生态成本
food production
ecological costs
