摘要
本研究系运用系统思想分析小麦育种问题的尝试。小麦的产量形成可视为一个系统,产量因素之间及其与环境条件的有机联系体现了系统的整体性和关联性观点;产量可分解为产量构成因素以及后者的可继续分解性体现了系统的层次性观点,据此提出在分析有关性状与产量的关系时采用分层次回归和多级通径分析方法,以避免传统的多元回归和通径分析中自变量之间仍存在的因果关系。产量构成因素决定产量体现了系统结构决定功能的观点,产量构成因素的优化配置则体现了系统结构优化的观点,据此提出了研究产量结构优化的定量化方法.不同生态条件下具有不同的产量结构,这体现了系统与环境互作的观点。而杂交小麦的产量系统当考虑亲本有关性状对其的影响以及杂交 F_1产量的信息对亲本选配的反馈,则可看作是一个控制系统。
New idea and method,i.e.,system theory and operation research,are attempted to be used to analyse some topics in wheat breeding.Yield formation of wheat can be considered a system composed of yield components.Considering the yield breeding of winter wheat from the point of view of sy stem theory,the relationships between yield components and environment embody the integrity and functional relationships insystem theory;Yield can be divided into its compo- nents and the latter,in turn,can also be divided into their components,which embodies the hierarchy of systems Grain yield is determined by its components, which embodies the system idea that the function of system is determined by its structure;The highest yield can be obtained only by the best combination of yield compoaents,which embodies the structure optimization of system;The combina- tion of yield components differs under different ecological conditions,which embodies the interaction between system and its environments.As for the yield of hybrid wheat,when considering the determination of its parents on it and the information feedback of hybrid yield to the choice of parents,it can be consi- dered a control system.There-fore,system theory and operation research can be used to study wheat breeding. From the point of view of system hierarchy,if the grain yield is considered the top level of yield system,then its three components(i.e.,number of spikes per unit area,number of grains per spike and kernel weight)may be considered the first level of yield system,while the components of these three components (i.e.,tillering ability,survival rate of tillers,number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikelet,average grain filling rate and grain filling duration period)may be considered the second level of yield system,and so on.In order to analyse the roles of different levels of characters to yield,multi-level path coefficient analysis is proposed.
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
小麦
育种
层次性
通径分析
产量
system approach
system hierarchy
wheat breeding
path coefficient analysis
