摘要
调查了种植白三叶草桃园(生草区)与不种草桃园(对照区)桃树上主要害虫及天敌数量,并对其生态位进行了测定。结果表明:生草区桃树害虫的水平生态位、垂直生态位和时间生态位宽度最大的分别是桃红颈天牛(0.999)、茶翅蝽(0.964)和茶翅蝽(0.795),而对照区其值分别是0.918、0.792和0.632;生草区桃树天敌的水平生态位、垂直生态位和时间生态位宽度最大的都是蜘蛛,分别为0.996、0.983和0.932,而在对照区其值分别是0.900、0.800和0.818;生草区桃树害虫的三维生态位宽度依次为茶翅蝽>叶蝉>蜡蝉>桃蚜>桃潜叶蛾>桃蛀螟>桃红颈天牛>梨小食心虫>桑白蚧,而对照区为桃蚜>叶蝉>茶翅蝽>桃红颈天牛>梨小食心虫>蜡蝉>桑白蚧>桃潜叶蛾>桃蛀螟;生草区桃树天敌的三维生态位宽度为蜘蛛>小花蝽>草蛉>寄生蜂>瓢虫>食蚜蝇,而对照区为蜘蛛>草蛉>瓢虫>寄生蜂>小花蝽>食蚜蝇;对照区小花蝽、瓢虫、食蚜蝇、寄生蜂均有推迟活动迹象;生草区小花蝽与害虫的三维生态位重叠值都比相应的对照区大,天敌与害虫在时间上的同步性和空间上的同域性总体优于对照区。
Taking the peach orchards with and without ground cover Trifolium repens as test objects, an investigation was made on the quantities of main insect pests and their natural enemies on peach trees, with the niches of the insect pests and natural enemies measured. Among the main insect pests, Aromia bungii in the peach orchard with ground cover T. repens had the widest horizontal niche breadth （ 0. 999 ） , Halyomorpha halys had the widest vertical niche breadth （0. 964） and widest time niche breadth （0. 795 ）, while the corresponding values in the orchard without T. repens were 0. 918, 0. 792, and 0. 632, respectively. Among the natural enemies, spiders in the peach orchard with ground cover T. repens had the widest horizontal niche （0. 996）, widest vertical niche （0. 983）, and widest time niche （0. 932）, while the corresponding values in the peach orchard without T. repens were 0. 900, 0. 800, and 0. 818, respectively. The three-dimensional niche of the main insect pests in peach orchard with ground cover T. repens was Halyomorpha halys 〉 Cicadellidae 〉 Fulgoridae 〉 Aphididae 〉 Lyonetia clerkella 〉 Diehoeroeis punetiferalis 〉 Aromia bungii 〉 Grapholitha molesta 〉 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, while that in the peach orchard without T. repens was Aphididae 〉 Cicadellidae 〉 Halyomorpha halys 〉 Aromia bungii 〉 Grapholitha molesta 〉 Fulgoridae 〉 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona 〉 Lyonetia clerkella 〉 Dichocrocis punctiferalis. The three-dimensional niche of the main natural enemies in peach orchard with ground cover T. repens was spider 〉 Orius spp. 〉 Chrysopa 〉 parasitic wasp 〉 Coccinellidae 〉 Syrphidae, while that in the peach orchard without T. repens was spider 〉 Chrysopa 〉 Coccinellidae 〉 Parasitic wasp 〉 Orius spp. 〉 Syrphidae. The Oriu~ spp. , Coc- cinellidae, Syrphidae, and parasitic wasp in the peach orchard without T. repens all showed an evidence of delayed activity. The three-dimensional niches of natural enemy Orius spp. and main insect-pests overlapped greater in the orchard with T. repens than in that without T. repens, and the temporal synchrony and spatial similarity of natural enemies and insect-pests were overall superior in the orchard with T. repens. Our results showed the positive effect of planting clover as ground cover on the biological control of insect pests in peach orchard.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期30-39,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家环境保护部水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07101-005-01)
上海市重大科技攻关项目(08dz1900401)
上海市农业科学院青年科技基金项目(201008)资助
关键词
白三叶草
桃园
生态位
害虫
天敌
Trifolium repens
peach orchard
niche
insect pest
natural enemy.
