摘要
在潮棕壤上进行长达18年的定位施肥试验,选择颇具代表性的8种施肥模式:CK、M、N、N+M、NP、NP+M、NPK和NPK+M,对耕层(0～20 cm)土壤进行无机磷分级测定。研究表明:在无磷肥直接投入的处理中(CK、M、N和N+M),各形态的无机磷含量基本都有逐年下降的趋势,其中下降速率为Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P>Fe-P>O-P、Ca10-P,然而循环猪圈肥的投入减缓了这种下降,在个别处理(M)中,各形态无机磷的含量下降后出现回升,开始逐步建立起小规模的P库;在有磷肥直接投入的处理中(NP、NP+M、NPK和NPK+M),各形态无机磷的含量基本都呈现逐年上升的趋势,尤其有效态的无机磷,上升最快,构建起丰富的土壤P库。循环猪圈肥(M)对无机磷形态的影响不同于矿质磷肥,研究发现大豆和玉米秸秆粉中各形态无机磷的含量甚微,而新鲜猪粪中含量较高,尤其是Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Al-P的含量明显高于其它组分,猪粪与秸秆粉二者经过堆腐,其Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量有所下降。对三种茬口的无机磷组分与速效磷的相关性分析发现,一季玉米茬口和大豆茬口中二者都表现出良好的相关性,而连作玉米茬口中二者相关性弱于前两者,可以说明大豆茬口对无机磷组分的影响较大,大豆茬口分解释放出的有效态无机磷素成为翌年植物生长一个重要的有效P库。说明农田土壤磷肥管理不能靠简单地增加肥料投入,充分开发利用现有资源也是必要的,这为合理地评价土壤供磷力提供了理论依据。
A trial for 18 years was conducted in aquic brown soil,including 8 classical modes of fertilization in China： CK,M,N,N＋M,NP,NP＋M,NPK and NPK＋M.In this research,the amount of inorganic phosphorus（Pi） fractions in soil from the fertilization sites（0-20 cm） showed that as follows.All kinds of the Pi fractions were declining year by year in the treatments without phosphorus fertilizers input（CK,M,N,and N＋M）,and the velocity decreased in the order of Ca2-P,Ca8-P and Al-P Fe-P O-P and Ca10-P;While,manure fertilization could slow down the decline and began to build up small scale of phosphorus pool.All kinds of the Pi fractions were ascending year by year in the treatments amended with phosphorus fertilizers（NP,NP＋M,NPK and NPK＋M）.The impact of manure fertilizer on Pi fractions was quite different from chemical phosphorus fertilizer.The phosphorus fractionation of some organic materials showed as follows.Opposite to pig-dejection,there were little amounts of different kinds of Pi in soybean straw or in corn straw,especially those of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,and Al-P fractions.It was indicated that Ca2-P,Ca8-P,and Al-P fractions were the main Pi fractions absorbed by crops and were mainly deposited in seeds.The contents of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in pig-dejection declined after decomposing with straws,which might be due to the animalcule.This study analyzed the impact of stubbles on Pi fractions furthermore and showed that the correlation between available phosphorus and Pi fractions in sites with soybean stubble was significant,otherwise in site simply with corn stubble.The result clarified that it was preferred to exploit thoroughly the present phosphorus resources rather than simply increase the phosphorus fertilizer＇s input,which provided the rationale for evaluating soil P supplying capacity.
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第6期1428-1433,共6页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
中国科学院创新项目(KZCX2-YW-407
KZCX2-YW-405)
国家自然科学基金(40701067)
国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD05B01)资助
关键词
潮棕壤
无机磷
分级
施肥
茬口
Aquic brown soil
Inorganic phosphorus（Pi）
Fraction
Fertilization
Stubble
