摘要
１９９６年东太湖水生植被调查结果表明，沉水植被、挺水植被及浮叶植被面积分别为７３．８、４５．５和６．７ｋｍ２。有９个群丛，其中微齿眼子菜（Ｐｏｔａｍｏｇｅｔｏｎｍａａｃｋｉａｎｕｓ）群丛、菰（Ｚｉｚａｎｉａｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａ）群丛、伊乐藻微齿眼子菜（ＥｌｏｄｅａｎｕｔａｌｉＰｏｔａｍｏｇｅｔｏｎｍａａｃｋｉａｎｕｓ）群丛和芦苇（Ｐｈｒａｇｍｉｔｅｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ）群丛分布面积较大，分别占东太湖总面积的３９３９％、２８２７％、１１２０％和６４０％。与１９６０年相比，水生植被变化极为明显，突出表现为环湖水陆交错带的芦苇群丛严重退化和消失，菰群丛发展迅速并向湖心蔓延占据了东太湖总面积的２８２７％；微齿眼子菜取代了竹叶眼子菜（Ｐｏｔａｍｏｇｅｔｏｎｍａｌａｉａｎｕｓ）、黑藻（Ｈｙｄｒｉｌａｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌａｔａ）及苦草（Ｖａｌｉｓｎｅｒｉａｎａｔａｎｓ），成为沉水植被的优势种，占据了东太湖整个湖心区；外来种伊乐藻（Ｅｌｏｄｅａｎｕｔａｌｉ）侵入，并形成一定规模的群丛。综观该湖区水生植被演化过程，可知东太湖已经出现沼泽化趋势。
The hydrophytic vegetation of the East Taihu Lake was investigated in 1996.
The results showed that the distribution areas of submerged, emerging and leaf floating
vegetation were 73.8, 45.5 and 6.7 km 2 , respectively. The main associations included
Potamogeton maackianus, Zizania latifolia, Elodea nuttalli Potamogeton maackianus and
Phragmites communis . Their distribution areas constituted 39.39%, 28.27%, 11.20% and 6.40%
of total area of the East Taihu Lake. Comparing with the investigation in the lake in 1960, the
variation of hydrophytic vegetation was significant in the last 40 years. The most remarkable
variation was that the Phragmites communis association in the ecotone of land and water
declined or even disappeared. The Zizania latifolia association developed from shore to
center and occupied 28.27% of the total area of the lake. Potamogeton maackianus became
dominant of submerged plants instead of Potamogeton malaianus, Hydrilla verticillata and
Vallisneria natans . The exotic species, Elodea nuttalli , invaded and formed association in a
large scale. The succession of hydrophytic vegetation indicates that a swampy tendency has
appeared in the East Taihu Lake.
出处
《植物资源与环境》
CSCD
1999年第2期1-6,共6页
Journal of Plant Resources and Environment
基金
中国科学院基础研究特别支持项目
关键词
水生植被
分布
群落演替
沼泽化
东太湖
hydrophytic vegetation
distribution
community
succession
swampy
