摘要
采用4年、13个品种(系)、18个试点组成的全国旱地春小麦区域试验产量资料,通过联合方差分析和基因型及其与环境互作(GGE)双标图分析,研究了基因型、环境、基因型与环境互作效应(GEI)对产量变异的影响及品种的产量稳定性.结果表明:环境对产量变异的影响远大于基因型和GEI,环境引起的产量变异占87.5%～92.0%.互作因素中以地点×基因型的互作效应最大,基因型×年份的互作效应最小.我国旱地春小麦基因型多年多点的平均产量水平为2550kg·hm-2.产量三要素中,千粒重受环境的影响最小.影响产量变异的主要环境因子有:≥10℃年积温、生育期降雨量、平均气温、海拔、年降雨量和无霜期.产量与单位面积穗数(0.675**)、穗粒数(0.581**)、千粒重(0.456**)呈极显著正相关,产量三要素间也呈正相关(0.244～0.480**),处于可同步提高范围.
Based on the grain yield data of spring wheat from the 2002-2005 regional trials with 13 cultivars（lines） on the rainfed farmlands at 18 locations of China,and by using variance analysis and GGE（genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction） biplot,this paper studied the effects of genotype,environment,and genotype × environment interaction（GEI） on the yield variation of spring wheat and the yield stability of different cultivars（lines）.Comparing with genotype and GEI,the environment had much more contribution on the yield variation,accounting for 87.5%-92.0% of the total.In the GEI items,genotype × location had the greatest effect,whereas genotype × year had the smallest one.The average yield of modern spring wheat genotypes across years and locations in China was 2550 kg·hm-2.Among the three yield components,thousand kernel weight（TKW） had the least variation under environmental change.The main environment factors affecting the yield variation were annual accumulated temperature（≥10 ℃）,precipitation in growth season,mean air temperature,altitude,annual precipitation,and frost-free period.The grain yield had significant positive correlations with spike number per unit area（SPU）（r = 0.675＊＊）,TKW（r = 0.456＊＊）,and kernels per spike（KPS）（r = 0.581＊＊）,and the SPU,KPS and TKW also had positive correlations（r = 0.244-0.480＊＊） with each other,implying that these three yield components might be increased or improved synchronously.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2821-2829,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
农业部科技跨越计划项目(2008跨35)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-03)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007-07)资助
关键词
变异
产量
基因型
×
环境交互作用
GGE
双标图
春小麦
旱地
variation
yield
genotype × environment interaction
GGE biplot
spring wheat
rainfed farmland.
