摘要
在田间高产条件下,研究了不同施氮水平[180kg·hm-2(N180)和240kg·hm-2(N240)]下灌水量对小麦耗水特征和旗叶水分生理特性及产量的影响.结果表明:不灌水的W0处理100cm以下土层的土壤贮水消耗量低于各灌水处理,W1(灌底墒水60mm)和W2(灌底墒水和拔节水各60mm)处理100～200cm土层和0～200cm土层土壤贮水消耗量高于W3(灌底墒水、拔节水和开花水各60mm)处理;N240处理0～80cm土层土壤贮水消耗量、开花至成熟阶段耗水模系数和农田耗水量高于N180.W2和W3处理灌浆中后期旗叶相对含水量和水势高于W0和W1处理;灌浆后期旗叶相对含水量和水势为N240W0和N240W1处理分别高于N180W0和N180W1处理,N240W2和N240W3处理与N180W2和N180W3处理之间无显著差异.施氮180kg·hm-2,底墒水和拔节水分别灌60mm的W2处理籽粒产量、水分和氮素利用效率高,农田耗水量较低;增加灌水量,籽粒产量无显著变化,农田耗水量增高,土壤贮水消耗量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率和灌溉效益降低.
A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of irrigation amount on the water consumption,flag leaf physiological characteristics,and grain yield of wheat under the nitrogen application rates 180 kg·hm-2（N180） and 240 kg·hm-2（N240）.Four irrigation regimes were designed,i.e.,no irrigation during whole growth period（W0）,irrigation with 60 mm water before sowing（W1）,irrigation with 60 mm water before sowing and at jointing stage,respectively（W2）,and irrigation with 60 mm water before sowing,at jointing stage,and at flowering stage,respectively（W3）.In treatment W0,the water consumption amount below 100 cm soil layer was lower than that in other treatments;and in treatments W1 and W2,the water consumption amount in 100-200 cm and 0-200 cm soil layers was higher than that in treatment W3.The soil water consumption amount in 0-80 cm soil layer,the consumption percentage from flowering to maturing stage,and the total water consumption amount were all higher under N240 than under N180.At mid and late grain-filling stages,the relative water content（RWC） and water potential（ψw） of flag leaves were higher in treatments W2 and W3 than in treatments W0 and W1.The RWC and ψw at late grain-filling stage were higher in treatments N240W0 and N240W1 than in N180W0 and N180W1,respectively,but had no significant differences between treatments N240W2 and N180W2,and N240W3 and N180W3.In this study,treatment N180W2 had the higher grain yield,water use efficiency（WUE）,and nitrogen use efficiency,while over-irrigation increased the water consumption amount,and decreas the WUE,irrigation water use efficiency,and irrigation benefit.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2799-2805,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30871478)
农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(nycytx-03)资助
关键词
小麦
施氮水平
灌水量
水分利用特征
产量
wheat
nitrogen application rate
irrigation amount
water use characteristics
yield.
