摘要
目的：了解小儿普通外科住院病例中最常见的几种疾病及其诊断、治疗、护理特点。方法：收集住院病历共１２４６份，然后按年龄组将疾病分类、分析。结果：①新生儿组前６种疾病是肥厚性幽门狭窄、肛门直肠闭锁、外科感染、肠闭锁、巨结肠、多系统畸形。因为新生儿代谢率随日龄逐渐升高，制定合理的补液方案，多环节保暖关系着治疗的成败。②婴幼儿组前６种疾病是腹股沟斜疝、肿瘤、外科感染、肛门直肠畸形、肠套叠、阑尾炎。肿瘤病例中８８４％是血管瘤。③儿童组前６种疾病是阑尾炎、腹股沟斜疝、外伤、外科感染、肿瘤、蛔虫性肠梗阻。本组特点是阑尾炎发病率升至第１位；肿瘤以恶性居多；蛔虫性肠梗阻集中就诊于８０年代，均来自农村。结论：小儿发病情况与成人不同，不同年龄组有其特有的疾病。
Objective: To acquaint doctors with the commonest diseases of
young in-patients of general surgery department and the characteristics of their diagnosis,
treatment and nursing. Methods: Analysis and classification of diseases according to age
groups on the basis of the collection of 1246 cases of young in-patients under 12 treated by the
general surgery department of the general hospital from March. 1984 to Oct. 1998. Results:
Newly born baby group:the six commonest diseases are: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,
imperforate anus, surgical infection, atresia of intestine, megacolon and multisystematic
deforms malformation. Since the rate of their metabolism increases with their number of days
after birth, so a good fluid therapy plan and adoption of warm-keeping measures at various
stages are key to the success of their treatment. Infants and toddlers group: the first six
diseases are: indirect inguinal hernia, tumor, surgical infection, malformation of anus and
rectum, intussusception and appendi citis. 88.4% of the tumor cases are hemangioma
Preschool and school age group: the first six commonest diseases are: appendicitis. indirect
inguinal hernia, trauma, surgical infection. tumor and intestinal obstruction because of ascarias.
The characteristics of this group's diseases are that appendicitis climbs to the first place., that
tumor tends to be malignant and that intestinal obstruction because of ascarises occured
mainly in 1980s and totally in countryside. Conclusion: Young children are not the miniatures
of adults, so their diseases are quite different from those of the latter. Besids, children of
different age groups tend to have different diseases, therefore, special nursing and
management during perioperative period should be emphasized and fully materialized.
出处
《河南医学研究》
CAS
1999年第2期172-173,175,共3页
Henan Medical Research
关键词
普通外科
疾病分类
围手术期
儿童
general surgery
classification of disease
perioperative period
