摘要
室温离子液体是完全由离子组成的液体。分析中大多数常用的室温离子液体的阳离子是有机基,如咪唑鎓盐、N-烷基吡啶鎓、四烷基铵和四烷基膦鎓离子;阴离子是有机或无机物,如某些卤化物、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、六氟磷酸盐([PF_6])、四氟硼酸盐([BF_4])、三氟甲基磺酸盐和二(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺。目前,在分析分离中最常用的室温离子液体是六氟磷酸1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓盐。室温离子液体具有某些独特的物理化学性质:在宽广的温度范围内是液态,只有可忽略的蒸气压,不可燃性,对各种有机化合物和金属离子良好的萃取性能。近几年来,室温离子液体作为一种新型的环境友好的‘绿色'有机溶剂替代传统的挥发性有机溶剂用于痕量离子引起了人们的特别兴趣。它已成功地用于金属螫合物的萃取,是一种有前途的萃取技术。
Room temperature ionic liquids（RTILS） are liquids composed completey of ions.The cationic parts of most room temperature ionic liquids are organic-based moieties,such as imidazolium,N-alkylpyridinium, tetraalky/ammonium,and tetraalkylphosphonium ions,and the anionic parts are organic or inorganic substances, such as some halides,nitrate,acetate,hexafluorophosphate,tetrafluoroborate,trifluoromethyl-sulfonate, and bis（trifluoromethanesulfonly） imide.The most frequently used room temperature ionic liquid in analytical separation and concentration is 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafuorophosphate[C4MiM] [PF6].RTILs have some unique physicochemical properties：remaining in liquid phase over a wide temperature range,negligible vapor pressure,non-flammability,and good extractability for various organic compounds and metal ions.Recently,RTILs have attracted special interest as they are novel environmentfriendly＂green solvents＂that can replace traditional volatile organic solvents for extraction of trace metal ions as chelate.RTILs are very promising in area of separation and preconcentration of trace metal ions.
出处
《分析仪器》
CAS
2010年第6期9-15,共7页
Analytical Instrumentation
