摘要
以代表岩溶山区不同发展水平的贵州省4个地区为例,应用1963年航片和2004年SPOT影像,运用GIS技术和景观指数定量评价方法,研究了岩溶山区聚落格局变化及其与所在区域土地利用/土地覆盖变化的关系,结果表明,在1963年,该区聚落规模较小,受地貌影响较小,主要分布在土地生产力高的地方,聚落分布形状较为规则。经过几十年地区经济的发展及人口增长,聚落在不断扩张,因受制于山区的地理环境,聚落分布形状趋于复杂,且有向交通线集聚分布的趋势。在不同发展水平地区,聚落空间发展方向各有差异,其中优化开发型地区聚落稳定并朝自身扩张和合并方向发展;保护开发型地区聚落变化小,部分聚落向保护地区外围迁移;恶劣发展型地区聚落变化数量大、等级低,其发展方向以新生为主,消亡较多;岩溶山区聚落的分布格局变化对周边土地利用/覆盖变化产生重要影响,在不同发展水平地区异质性明显,因此岩溶山区聚落的周边生态建设方向应具有较强的针对性。
Settlements in karst mountainous areas frequently exhibit a unique distribution pattern, showing distinct mechanisms of changes due to the impacts of natural conditions and the level of socio-economic development over such regions.As such,it is of great significance for new rural construction lunched by China＇s central government and realization of comprehensive well-off in karst mountainous areas to understand the relationships among dynamic distribution pattern of karst mountainous settlements and their major influencing factors,and the relationships among dynamic distribution pattern of karst mountainous settlements,land use/cover change,and eco-environment.Four sites of Guizhou Province,representing different development levels in karst mountainous areas,were examined,with an attempt to derive changes in the patterns of karst mountain settlements and to investigate the relationship between them and land use/cover change using aerial images acquired in year 1963,SPOT imagery acquired in year 2004,in combination with landscape indices quantitative evaluation methods.Results showed that settlements of karst mountain villages were generally distributed in areas with high land productivity in 1963,and essentially gathered along the communication lines in 2004.Settlements in optimizing development regions were found to evolve steadily towards the direction of self-oriented expansion and consolidation,and conservation development-oriented settlements changed slightly. Meanwhile,parts of their settlements were transferred to the outside of protected areas.The number of changed settlements patches was greater in poor developmental region than in other areas,but the areas of these changed settlement patches were smaller than other regions.It was also found that some new settlements emerged and some settlements disappeared.It was drawn that the evolution of the distribution pattern of karst mountainous settlements is apparently related to the surrounding land use/cover change.The arable land proportion of different distance gradient ranges decreases with increasing distances to settlements.Meanwhile,within 300 m away from the settlements,the land use efficiency is relatively high,and the land degradation is insignificant compared to other distance gradients.At different levels of development regions,the impact of the settlement distribution evolution upon the ecological environment differs significantly.It is suggested that in order to promote eco-environment construction and new rural construction in karst mountain areas,there is an emergent need to further understand the evolution characteristics of karst mountain settlements and impact of their distribution patterns on land use and eco-environment.Furthermore,the optimal way,land management,and ecological restoration as well as protection will be issues to be explored across this region in the future.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2130-2137,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2006CB403200)
教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”(编号:NCET-05-0819)
黔科合J字(2005)2077号
