摘要
环境友好型社会建设的理论与实践目前尚处于探索阶段,其科学内涵、框架与相应的评价体系尚待深入探讨。环境友好型社会包括人对环境友好和环境对人友好两个维度,人对环境友好是指人类生产生活应保持在区域环境承载力范围内,而环境对人友好是指环境可以为人类生产生活提供足够且良好的环境资源和服务。本文基于社会结构视角,对环境友好型社会的整体框架进行了系统分析,从环境友好型社会的科学内涵出发,将环境视作与人并列的内在因素统筹考虑,尝试引入"人对环境友好度"和"环境对人友好度"作为环境友好型社会评价的一级指标,初步构建了评价指标体系及相应分级标准,提出采用环境友好型社会综合评价指数表征区域环境友好型社会的建设水平。
At present,research of the theory and practice of environment-friendly society（EFS）is still at a primary stage.The connotation,framework,and assessment methods of EFS remain unclear and need to be further discussed.The authors defined EFS in the present work as a society that human is harmonious with the environment through mutual beneficial interactions.The coordination between human and the environment is composed of two dimensions：＂human＇s friendliness to the environment＂and＂environment＇s friendliness to human＂.Human＇s friendliness to the environment means that development of human society cannot exceed the environmental carrying capacity;environment＇s friendliness to human is referred to that the environment can provide good and enough environmental resources and services for sustainable development of human society.Based on a social structure perspective,the authors made an attempt to carry out a systematic analysis on the integrated framework of EFS.In general,EFS consists of five elements：environment-friendly social behavior body,ecological culture advocating the harmony between human and natural environment,green political system, environment-friendly development mode and life style,and favorable natural environment.From a spatial perspective,construction of EFS can be carried out at 3 levels：the micro level, environment-friendly communities/villages/towns should be constructed as the basic units of EFS; the medium level,provinces or cities construct environment-friendly regions/cities;the macro level,each country constructs EFS.In this regard,the environment is no longer taken as an external factor,but an internal factor of EFS,which is considered as important as human being.Through expert consultation and analysis of the frequency of the indicators in the relevant literature,we made an effort to construct an evaluation indictor system including indicators at three levels.The EFS synthetic index is on the top measuring the total level of EFS construction.We introduced an ＂index of human＇s friendliness to environment＂and an＂index of environment＇s friendliness to human＂as the first level indicators to measure the relationship between human and environment. The index of human＇s friendliness to the environment includes 3 indicators at the second level： economic development mode,life style,and green political system and culture.The index of environment＇s friendliness to human includes 2 indicators at the second level：natural resources and environmental quality.There are 34 third-level indicators in total.Grading standards were proposed based on environmental quality standards,environmental model city standards and ecological city standards of China,and advanced and average levels of China for some indictors.A synthetic evaluation index was put forward to depict the construction level of EFS,and was used to diagnose the existing problems in practice.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2100-2106,共7页
Resources Science
基金
上海市闵行区自然科学研究课题(编号:2008MH065)
关键词
社会结构
环境友好型社会
人对环境友好
环境对人友好
指标体系
Social structure； Environment-friendly society（EFS）； Human＇s friendliness to environment； Environment＇s friendliness to human； Indicator system
