摘要
研究利用投入产出技术综合分析了2007年中国52个产业部门碳足迹的流动情况。该年中国产业部门完全碳足迹为71.0亿tCO2,其中直接碳足迹与间接碳足迹分别为52.5亿与18.5亿tCO2;支持本国终端消费发生的碳足迹为47.0亿tCO2,支持出口发生的碳足迹为24.0亿tCO2。在国际贸易中,中国碳足迹是赤字的,赤字幅度达5.5亿tCO2,占本国源碳足迹总量的10.5%。产业部门之间的碳足迹流动非常活跃,82.3%的完全碳足迹发生了产业部门再分配。间接碳足迹流活跃组(B1组)与直接碳足迹流活跃组(B2组)的产业部门是中国碳足迹流动的主体部门,也是碳足迹管理的核心对象。B1组部门的间接碳足迹是其直接碳足迹的12.6倍,在贸易中是碳足迹盈余的,盈余量合计为31.9亿tCO2。B2组部门的直接能耗碳足迹高居全国前10位,合计为39.5亿tCO2,其中89.9%的碳足迹转移到其他部门终端产品之中。从碳足迹的性质上,B1组部门属于实质高碳型部门,碳足迹管理应走"减物质化"的道路;B2组中有一半部门属于表观高碳型部门,碳足迹管理应以提高能源效为核心,另一半部门属于实质高碳与表观高碳并存型的部门,碳足迹管理应走"减物质化"与提高能效率并重的道路。
Rapidly increasing carbon footprint has been a significant challenge for China to experience a stage of ecological deficits and thus an urgent need for management of carbon emissions emerges.Effective carbon management strategies should therefore be developed on the basis of total carbon footprint.Formulation of such strategies should account for all carbon from energy that directly and indirectly support the final demand in a defined economy.In the present study,the authors introduced an input-output methodology to calculate and track the carbon footprint（CF）flow into and out of China＇s 52 industrial sectors in the year 2007.It was concluded that the China＇s industrial sectors had the total CF of 7.10 billion tCO2（metric tons of CO2）in 2007,in which 5.25 billion tCO2 was in direct form and 1.85 billion tCO2 in indirect form generated by direct and indirect energy use,respectively.Of the total CF,4.70 billion tCO2 was responsible for supplying domestic final consumption and 2.70 billion tCO2 for supporting exported goods and services.China was in CF trade deficit（i.e.,more CF embodied in exported goods and services than those in imported ones）of 0.55 billion tCO2 through international trade,taking up approximately 10.5%of the direct carbon footprint of China＇s production.It was also found that the CF flow was highly active in China＇s domestic industrial sectors,and 82.3% of the overall total CF was redistributed.Two groups of industrial sectors,marked by Group B1 and B2,were most active in carbon flow,and they were thus taken as the key target sectors from the perspective of carbon management.Group B1 was characterized by large magnitude of indirect carbon footprint and carbon trade surplus,while Group B2 was characterized by a carbon trade deficit and large amount of carbon footprint generated by direct energy use but with only a small portion used to support the final consumption of a sector per se in this group.In 2007,the sectors in Group B1 had an indirect to direct CF ratio of 12.6,and were consequently in CF trade surplus with net importing 3.19 billion tCO2 from other sectors.The sectors in Group B2 ranked top 10 in term of CF generated by direct energy use and had a total of 3.95 billion tCO2,of which 89.9%was transferred to other sectors.As for CF essence,sectors in Group B1 were substantially high in CF.As such, their CF management should center on promotion of the‘dematerialization＇process.In Group B2, one half of the sectors were apparently high in CF,with implementing CF management centered on improvement of energy efficiency;the other half of the sectors were both substantially and apparently high in CF.Their CF management should therefore place emphasis on the equilibrium between dematerialization and energy saving.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2046-2052,共7页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2006BAC18B01)
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2009CB421106)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:30770410)
北京市属高等学校人才强教深化计划项目(编号:PHR201008358)
关键词
碳足迹
碳排放
投入产出分析
碳贸易
物质流分析
Carbon footprint； Caron emission； Input-output methodology； Carbon trade； Material flow analysis
