摘要
Over the last 10 years,HIV,HCV and HBV have been the focus of blood safety with respect to decreases in infectious disease risks.In addition,screening for WNV RNA and Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies have been introduced in response to risks posed by different exposures in our donor population.HIV,HCV and HBV for the most part share similar transmission routes (i.e.,parenteral and known risk behaviors) and questioning of donors along with increasingly sensitive blood donor screening tests have been responsible for the vast majority of observed reductions in residual risk.For example,since the implementation of HIV-1/HCV NAT in the US,the American Red Cross (ARC) has detected 244 (1:270 000) HCV-infected donors and 32 (1:2 million) HIV-infected donors over the last 10 years of testing of greater than 66 million donations. Current,per-donation residual risks are estimated at 1:1 467 000 for HIV and 1:1 149 000 for HCV[1].Although higher,prior to the widespread implementation of HBV NAT,the HBV per donation residual risk from the same ARC donor population is estimated at 1:280 000-1:357 000[2]. These figures were derived by taking the product of estimated donor incidence of 3-5 per 100 000 person years and remaining window periods that range from 9.1-7.4 days for HIV and HCV,and 30-38 days for HBV.Similar methods for estimates of yield and residual risk have been used worldwide.
Over the last 10 years,HIV,HCV and HBV have been the focus of blood safety with respect to decreases in infectious disease risks.In addition,screening for WNV RNA and Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies have been introduced in response to risks posed by different exposures in our donor population.HIV,HCV and HBV for the most part share similar transmission routes （i.e.,parenteral and known risk behaviors） and questioning of donors along with increasingly sensitive blood donor screening tests have been responsible for the vast majority of observed reductions in residual risk.For example,since the implementation of HIV-1/HCV NAT in the US,the American Red Cross （ARC） has detected 244 （1：270 000） HCV-infected donors and 32 （1：2 million） HIV-infected donors over the last 10 years of testing of greater than 66 million donations. Current,per-donation residual risks are estimated at 1：1 467 000 for HIV and 1：1 149 000 for HCV[1].Although higher,prior to the widespread implementation of HBV NAT,the HBV per donation residual risk from the same ARC donor population is estimated at 1：280 000-1：357 000[2]. These figures were derived by taking the product of estimated donor incidence of 3-5 per 100 000 person years and remaining window periods that range from 9.1-7.4 days for HIV and HCV,and 30-38 days for HBV.Similar methods for estimates of yield and residual risk have been used worldwide.
出处
《中国输血杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第10期883-884,共2页
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion
