摘要
姓氏是一种十分有用的文化遗传因子，它的传递方式类似于Y染色体的表现。1000年前宋朝（公元960～1179年）中国人姓氏频率的分布，是一组十分吻合Karlin－McGregor的中性等位基因分布理论的随机数据。16个省区的姓氏种类丰度的相对参数a和迁移率的相对参数v的分析，反映了这一时期的中国人群的迁移和人群间混合的程度。姓氏遗传距离和树状聚类图的分析，表明在1000年前的宋朝中国人群已经形成了南北两大区域的群体，并提示了南北两大群体的异源性，其明显的地域分界线在中国南部的武夷山和南岭。而且，树状聚类图的结构还表明1000年前的宋朝和当代的姓氏分布基本一致。宋朝和现代分别占总人口86％和87％的100个频率较高的姓氏分布曲线非常一致，反映了中国人姓氏在这1000年中的传递是比较稳定的，并证明中国人姓氏分布频率是研究和分析中国人群体结构、人群迁移和亲缘关系的一种非常有用的“遗传学”资源。
Surname in China, as a cultural genetic factor, is a very huge and remarkable human population study resource. The transmission feature of surname has been proved to be similar to that of the genetic markers on Y chromosome of males. It therefore, has been applied in the population genetic studies since 1965's. In the present study, we have analyzed a group of Chinese surname data of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1179). The distribution of the present surname data is corresponded with the Kariin-McGregor's neutral allele model. The surname abundance a and the migration rate parameter v in the Song dynasty in 16 provincial regions reflected degrees of migration and admixture at that time. Surname phylogenetic dendrogram analysis demonstrated that the Han Chinese had been segregated into North and South two parts in Song dynasty of 1000 years ago. Wuyi and Nanling Mountains divided Northern and Southern Han populations into the two major parts of Han Chinese. The results also showed that the surname distribution of Song dynasty 1000 years ago was quite similar to the present model. The 100 high frequency surnames in Song dynasty were well corresponded with the current surname distribution. This phenomenon suggests that Chinese surnames have been steadily transmitted from ancient to the present. The present study improved that the Chinese surname is a very important genetic resource for the studies of structure of the Chinese populations, migration, and affinities among different populations.
基金
国家自然科学基金!39870406
关键词
文化遗传因子
姓氏频率
群体结构
宋朝
中国人
Cultural genetic factor, Surname frequencies, Population structure, Population genetics
