摘要
１９９３～１９９６，以Ｔ型不育系、保持系和恢复系为材料，对影响Ｔ型杂种小麦种子质量及其稳定性的核质因素进行了研究。结果表明，多数不育系种子的粒重和发芽率仅分别相当于保持系的９０％和５０％左右，年份间的变异较大；有些不育系种子的发芽率在年份间的变异系数高达２３．７％。只有极少数不育系的种子质量与保持系基本相同，且稳定性较好。不育系种子的皱缩程度和发芽率在基因型间存在极显著的差异。不育系和恢复系杂交产生的杂交种子，其粒重主要取决于不育系，发芽率则与双亲都有关系，当不育系种子的的发芽率在７０％以上时，杂交种的发芽率与双亲发芽率的乘积呈高度正相关，ｒ＝０．８５０＊＊。正反交试验表明，恢复基因可以有效地消除Ｔ型胞质对种子质量的负效应。普通小麦中的非恢复基因也能有效地抑制Ｔ质对种子发育的不良效应，但这类基因的频率很低，其遗传规律尚需进一步的研究。
A-lines and R-lines with T.timopheevi cytoplasm as well as B-lines with T.aestivum cytoplasm were used to study the effects of nuclear and cytoplasmic factors on seed quality of hybrid wheats from 1993 to 1996.Experimental results showed that grain weight and seed sprouting rate(SSR) of most A-lines only took 90% and 50% of corresponding B-lines,respectively.Great deviation in years were seen in these two traits. Variation coefficients of seed sprouting rate in some A-lines were as high as 23.7%.Only a few A-lines showed similar seed quality to their B-line as well as good stability.However, there were significant differences among A-lines in grain shrivelling index and seed sprouting potential.For hybrid seeds produced from A-lines and R-lines,their grain weight was mainly determined by A-lines,but seed sprouting rate was controlled by both parents.When SSR of A-lines was above 70%,the SSR of hybrid wheat was positively and significantly correlated with the SSR product of two parents,r=0.850 .Inter-crossing experiments indicated that Rf genes could efficiently eliminate the deleterious effects of T-type cytoplasm on seed quality.Some sparse non restoration genes in bread wheat can also compensate the unfavourable effects of T-type on grain development.Their inheritance needs further investigation.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第1期26-31,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
四川省应用基础项目
