摘要
为了研究各免耕处理下土壤的水热变化,2005～2008年在黄河流域清水河县对玉米进行了5种不同耕作方式的试验研究。结果表明,土壤含水量、温度在5种不同耕作方式下均达到了显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)差异。①三年间在0～10 cm土层,整个生育期内留高茬覆盖、留低茬覆盖、留高茬、留低茬处理的平均土壤含水量分别较常规耕作增加了29.92%、26.23%、17.30%、13.95%。在0～40 cm土层,留茬覆盖处理能有效地抑制土壤水分蒸发,提高作物的水分利用率。在80～100 cm土层,土壤含水量达到最大值。土壤水分变化主要受季节影响,随秸秆覆盖和降雨量的变化而变化。②土壤温度在5 cm土层变化幅度最大,留茬覆盖能有效地调节土壤温度,使土壤温度日变化平缓,且随土层深度的增加土壤温度的变化幅度减小。③不同耕作方式形成的土壤微环境为玉米的生长发育提供了更好的基础,其中留茬覆盖处理效果最佳,由于水热状况良好,留茬覆盖下作物产量较高。
Five tillage methods on corn were researched in Qing Shuihe of the Yellow River basin from the year 2005 to 2008.The results showed that soil moisture and temperature under five tillage methods had significant difference（p0.05）or very significant difference（p0.01）.①In whole growth period,compared with conventional tillage,the soil water content increased 7.38%,6.02%,4.13% and 3.86% in high stubble mulch,low stubble mulch,high stubble and low stubble treatments separately.For 0～40 cm soil,stubble coverage could increase soil water storage capacity and controll soil water invalid evaporation and then increase crops WUE.For 80～100 cm soil,the soil water content was most in all soil.Mainly affected by seasonal change in soil moisture effects,with straw mulch and rainfall varies.② 5 cm layer of soil temperature change in the biggest,stubble cover could effectively regulate soil temperature,soil temperature changed so gentle,and increased with soil depth range of soil temperature decrease.③ Conservative tillage methods also support soil microenvironment for corn and stubble coverage was the best treatment.For good soil water and temperature,the yield of stubble coverage was higher.
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期11-15,70,共6页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
中国农业大学与内蒙古农业大学两校合作基金项目
挑战计划项目"黄河流域旱作保护性农业研究"(CN228)
国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)资助
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点课题(2006BAD15B05)
关键词
耕作方式
土壤含水量
土壤温度
产量
tillage methods
soil water content
soil temperature
yield
