摘要
为了定量评价森林枯落物的水文功能,通过浸水法和野外观测,调查了东江中上游主要森林植被类型枯落物的蓄积量,分析了枯落物的持水能力与过程。结果表明,枯落物蓄积量介于4.76～12.13t/hm2,表现为针阔混交林>杉木林>阔叶林>马尾松林>杂灌林;不同森林类型的枯落物最大持水量为4.89～18.17t/hm2,最大拦蓄量为3.34～14.39t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为2.60～11.66t/hm2,均表现为杉木林>针阔混交林>阔叶林>杂灌林>马尾松林。枯落物浸水实验表明,枯落物持水率与浸水时间存在对数曲线关系,而枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈反函数关系;不同森林类型枯落物持水率和吸水速率随时间的动态变化规律基本相似。随浸水历时的延长,枯落物持水率呈增加趋势,在浸泡10～12h后,持水率增幅趋于平缓;不同森林类型枯落物吸水速率在前2h内变化最快,之后逐渐变缓,24h时吸水基本停止。
Hydrological functions of main forest litters were assessed by measuring and analyzing the litter amount,the water holding capacity,and the processes with methods of field survey and soaking extraction experiment in the upper and middle reaches of Dongjiang watershed.The result showed the litter amount ranged from 4.76 t/hm^2 to 12.13 t/hm^2,with a decrease order of conifer-broadleaf mixed forest,followed by Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,broadleaf mixed forest,Pinus massoniana forest,and brushwood respectively.The maximum water-holding volume of different forests litters ranged from 4.89 t/hm^2 to 18.17 t/hm^2 with the highest value in the Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,followed by conifer-broadleaf mixed forest,broadleaf mixed forest,brushwood,and Pinus massoniana forest.The mixed interception amount and the effective interception amount showed similar trends with values from 3.34 t/hm^2 to 14.39 t/hm^2,and 2.60 t/hm^2 to 11.66 t/hm^2 respectively.We found that the water-holding rate increased logarithmically with soaking time,while the water-absorption rate showed an inverse function with soaking time.The dynamic changes of the water-holding rate and the water-absorption rate were generally similar of different forests litters.The water-holding rates of litters increased with prolong of soaking time,and leveled off after 10 hours to 12 hours.The water-absorption rates decreased sharply during the first 2 hours,then decreased gradually,and fell to zero after 24 hours.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期130-134,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划专题"粤港澳城市群水源涵养林构建技术试验示范(2006BAD03A1805)"
广东省科技计划项目"东江流域高效净水型水源林优化与配置技术研究与示范"(2009B020303006)
广东省林业科技计划项目"广东省森林生态效益监测与定位研究"(2008-08)
关键词
枯落物
持水特性
东江中上游
litter
water-holding characteristics
upper and middle reaches of Dongjiang watershed
