摘要
以环洞庭湖区平湖旱地为研究区域,采用田间原位监测方法,通过设置常规施肥(N375kg/hm2和P67.5kg/hm2)、减量10%、20%、30%和不施肥对照处理,研究了不同施肥条件对棉花植株发育性状、产量以及土壤氮磷迁移的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,减量施肥会不同程度地减少棉花蕾数、果枝长度,降低株高,而增加花铃期铃数和吐絮初期的成熟铃数;NP减量10%-30%棉花产量会降低3.4%-7.0%,但上述各指标统计差异均不显著(p>0.05)。常规施肥处理地表径流磷含量较高,范围值0.059mg/L-0.139mg/L,其形态主要以无机磷为主;土壤溶液中总氮含量在22.57mg/L-51.99mg/L之间,远远超过不施肥处理。减量施肥可显著降低硝态氮、有机氮、有机磷的流失,而对铵态氮以及无机磷的影响不明显。因此,在目前土壤肥力水平下,NP减量10%-30%对棉花生育性状及产量无显著影响,同时可以有效控制农田氮磷的迁移流失量。
The embankment upland in Dongting Lake was selected as a study area.A field in situ monitoring study of the impacts of reducing fertilization rates on cotton growth and yields as well as nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） migration was conducted.The treatments included conventional fertilization rates （N 375 kg/hm2 and P 67.5 kg/hm2）, reducing 10%, 20%, 30% of total N and P application rates, and no fertilizer （CK）.The results showed that, comparing with conventional treatment, reducing N and P application rate decreased individual cotton bud numbers, branch length and plant height in some certain, but increased individual total boll numbers in blooming stage and mature boll numbers in initial boll opening stage.However, these differences were non-significant （p0.05）.The cotton yield reduced by 3.4%-7.0% （p0.05） whenN andPapplicationamounts were reducedby 10%-30%.Underconventional fertilizing conditions, phosphorus concentrations in the losing runoff ranged from 0.06 mg/L to 0.14 mg/L and were obviously higher than reductionandCKtreatments.Besides, inorganic phosphorus as the majorformaccountedfor66%-90%intotal phosphorus.The total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 22.57 mg/L to 51.99 mg/L in soil solution, which was far beyond the CK.The loss of nitrate and total N as well as organic phosphorus could be significantly decreased through reducing N and P application, while its influence on ammonium N and inorganic P were negligible.Consequently, reducing fertilization by 10%-30%had no significant effects on cotton growth and yield in the current soil fertility levels.In the meantime, it is also effective forthe control of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from farmland.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期621-625,共5页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(编号:KZCX2-YW-437-1)
国家科技支撑计划(编号:2007BAD87B11)
关键词
湖垸旱地
减量施肥
棉花生长
氮磷流失
embankment upland
reducing fertilization
cotton growth
nitrogen and phosphorus loss
