摘要
2009年1—2月，开封市冬小麦出现大面积的枯黄，甚至死亡现象，对2009年全市夏粮总产量和全年粮食总产量的稳定构成了严重的威胁。对麦田实地调查及对麦播以来开封市气候特征分析结果表明，造成2009年初开封市冬小麦出现大面积枯黄死亡的原因主要有以下几个方面：一是小麦播种以后开封市长期干旱少雨，麦田旱情严重，直接影响到冬小麦正常生长；二是2008年12月下旬开封市出现大范围强降温天气，最低气温锐降至-10℃以下，全市冬小麦不同程度受冻；三是农户冬季麦田管理措施不到位，普遍未浇越冬水；四是小麦品种选择不当，部分品种抗逆性较差；五是地下害虫危害较为严重；另外还与本地的小麦耕种方式有一定联系。要减少不利因素对冬小麦生长的影响，就要加强对气候变化的认识，及时采取必要的农业技术措施，提高防灾减灾能力，及时关注天气变化，科学合理适时冬灌，加强田间管理，严防冻害发生；加强病虫害的预测预报；科学做好秸秆还田工作。
In January and February, 2009, winter wheat in Kaifeng appears large-area withered and dead. There is serious threat to the total output stability of whole town summer grain and annual grain. The field investigation of the wheat and Kaifeng climatic characteristic analysis since sowing wheat show the main reason that winter wheat in Kaifeng appears the withered and dead at the beginning of 2009 as follows ： 1 ） Kaifeng is dry and little rain after sowing wheat seeds, and with a severed drought, which directly influences winter wheat normal growth. 2） Kaifeng appears large-area strong detemperature in the end of December, 2008; the lowest temperature sharp declines to below 10 ℃ ; the whole town winter wheat suffers frost in different degree. 3） Winter cornfield management isn＇ t good enough and winter wheat isn＇ t irrigated in winter. 4） Wheat species aren＇t chosen appropriately; the stress resistance of some species is poor. 5） Underground insect has serious harm. In addition, there are some relations with the local wheat cultivation way. To reduce the influence of disadvantageous factor on wheat growth, we should strengthen the knowledge about climatic change, adopt necessary agriculture technique, and improve ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. We also should pay attention to the weather change in time, irrigate in winter timely, strengthen field management to prevent the occurrence of frost disasters. We should strengthen the forecast of insect harm and make straw return to field.
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2010年第B09期186-189,共4页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
关键词
开封市
冬小麦
干枯
死亡
原因
Kaifeng city, winter wheat
withered
death
cause
