1Cote CJ,Karl HW,Notterman DA,et al. Adverse sedation events in pediatrics: Analysis of medications used for sedation [ J ]. Pediatrics, 2000,106(4) :633 -644.
2Hoffman GM, Nowakowski R, Troshynski TJ, et al. Risk reduction in pediatric procedural sedation by application of an American Academy of Pediatrics/American Society of Anesthesiologists process model [ J ]. Pediatrics,2002,109 (2) : 236 - 243.
3American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non - Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non - anesthesiologists [ J ]. Anesthesiology, 2002, 96 ( 4 ) : 1004 - 1017.
4American Society of Anesthesiologists. New classification of physical status[ J]. Anesthesiology, 1963,24 : 111.
5Malviya S, Voepel - Lewis T, Tait AR. Adverse events and risk factors associated with the sedation of children by nonanesthesiologists [ J ]. Anesth Analg,1997,85(6) :1207 - 1213.
3Alan SG, Caroline O, Ken T, et al. Central venous catheterization [ J 1. N Engl J Med ,2007,356 : e21.
4Tsui JY, Collins AB, White DW, et al. Placement of a femoral venous catheter[ J ]. N Engl J Med,2008,358 (26) : e30.
5Braner DA, Lai S, Eman S, et al. Central venous catheterization - sub- clavian vein[J]. N Engl J Med,2007 ,357 ( 24 ) :e26.
6Sidiropoulou Z, Joao P, Vasconcelos P, et al. Right subclavian vein ca- theterism complication due to a 'foreign body':A case report[ J ]. J Med Cose Rep ,2010,4:327.
7Souza RA, Oliveira EA, Silva JM, et al. Hemodialysis vascular access in children and adolescents : A ten - year retrospective cohort study [ J ]. J Bras Nefrol, 2011,33 (4) :422 - 430.
8McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous cathe- terization[ J ]. N Engl J Med,2003,348 ( 12 ) : 1123 - 1133.
9Baskin JL, Reiss U, Wilimas J-A, et al. Thrombolytic therapy for central venous catheter occlusion [ J ]. Haematologica, 2012,97 ( 5 ) : 641 - 650.
10De Blauw MH. An unusual complication of a central venous catheter placement[ J]. Neth J Med,2012,70( 1 ) :40 -44.
