摘要
明代嘉隆年间产生了四部长城图籍。其中郑晓《九边图志》是明代第一部长城图籍,完成于嘉靖四年,以文字为主,并分镇绘制地图。许论《九边图论》地图与文字并重,重在议论,从整体上系统探讨了九边形势。该书地图部分《九边图说》首次用整幅地图的形式,展示了九边长城防御体系的全貌。三门峡市博物馆藏《九边图说》残卷是第一幅长城地图。《九边图论》未继承《九边图志》的内容与体例,而是别创体例。魏焕《皇明九边考》以文字为主,重在史事记载,第一次全面梳理了九边制度源流。这三种图籍都是中央负责地图创制机构的官员的私撰图籍。兵部《九边图说》为官撰图籍,以地图为主。四部图籍基本开创了明后期长城图籍的创作模式,引领与规约了长城图籍的创作风气与体例。后三部图籍提出与发展的两种九边说法也成为明代以来影响最大的两种九边说法。后三部图籍皆未使用"计里画方"与图例绘法,这也是明代地图,尤其官方所绘地图的主流绘法,显示出明代仍然继承了中国古代地图绘制中的人文传统,"科学"、"定量"对明代地图绘制的影响十分有限。
In the Ming Dynasty there were four books about the Great Wall, the first of which was Jiubian Tuzhi by Zheng Xiao. It was finished in the fourth year of Jiajing Period with written script illustrated by maps of each fortification. Jiubian Tulun by Xu Lun paid attention to maps and written script a- like, and the emphasis was primarily on comments. The map called Jiubian Tushuo comprehensively showed the features of the nine frontier fortifications system. For the first time in history, it made use of a whole map to show the situation of the nine frontier fortifications and it was the first map of the Great Wall which is preserved in Sanmenxia Museum. Jiubian Tulun was originative because it didn＇t adopt the content and writing pattern of Jiubian Tuzhi . Huangming Jiubian Kao by Wei Huan emphasized the writing and recording of historical events and studied the formation of the nine frontier fortifications system for the first time. Although the three made use of a lot of official material, they were individual actions. Jiubian Tushuo was written by the authorities, and it took maps as the major content. The four books basically started the writing pattern of books about the Great Wall in late Ming, took the lead in the common practice in the writing of books about the Great Wall, and standardized the style. The two ninefrontier theories that the latter three books brought up and developed have became the most popular legal languages until now. The maps of the three books were drawn by copying the kinds, and it showed that the maps in the Ming Dynasty were deeply affected by humanistic tradition, and scientific and mathematical thinking exerted little influence.
出处
《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2010年第4期26-38,共13页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
关键词
明代
嘉隆
长城图籍
《九边图志》
《九边图论》
《皇明九边考》
《九边图说》
Ming Dynasty
the Jiajing and Longqing period
books about the Great Wall
JiubianTuzhi
Jiubian Tulun
Huangming Jiubian Kao
Jiubian Tushuo
