摘要
1. 在英国,人类活动对河流生境的影响始于森林砍伐,并随水电,航运的兴起而发展。工业化及人口的增长,导致河流下游的严重污染。上游修坝蓄水,低地排水以及防洪工程等大大减少了湿地生境,使自然环境发生了根本的变化。 2.自本世纪50年代以来,生活及工业对水的污染已逐步减少,但富营养化及酸化的趋势仍在发展。水上娱乐活动的需求促进了水环境的改善,但娱乐活动自身又污染并损害水体生态系统。 3.近年来,由于投资的削减,水污染治理,水环境改善的进程缓慢。而农业有机污染仍在增加。农业及工业对地下水的污染已受到重视,并在作进一步的调查。 4.从全国范围来看,水资源总量超过目前水的需求量,但由于地域分布的不均匀,有的地区水供应仍难以保障。资源的开发,大面积地破坏了自然环境,造成了水体野生生物保护的许多问题。 5.生态学研究,可以为水体管理(自然生境的恢复与保护;水上娱乐设施的建设与管理,富营养化水体的治理等)作出贡献。
( 1 )In Britain, man's alteration to river habitats began with forest clearances and continued with developments for water power and navigation. Industrialization and population increase led to extensive pollution in lowland rivers. Land drainage greatly reduced wetland habitats and, with headwater impoundment and flood protection works, further modified physical conditions.( 2 )Since the middle of the twentieth century, domestic and industrial pollution have been reduced, but eutrophication and acidification trends have developed. Recreational demands have encouraged environmental improvements but have themselves become Sources of damage to some aquatic ecosystems.( 3 ) Recently, progress in pollution control has slackened because of reduced capital investment. Organic pollution from farms has increased and the extent of groundwater contamination by agriculture and industry is under investigation.(4) Although the total available water resource exceeds current requirements, there are continuing difficulties with geographically uneven distribution of supply and demand. The widespread loss of natural habitat which has occurred durinig re-Source development has created acute aquatic wildlife conservation problems.( 5 ) Ecological studies have a major contribution to make in such areas of water management as restoration of physical habitats,management of eutrophic waters and accommodation of recreational demands
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第1期81-91,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
关键词
水污染
水生生态
水管理
英国
water pollution, aquatic ecosystems, water management.
