摘要
1.英国和欧洲共同体国家战后农业在新技术的推动和官方支持下,在增加粮食供给方面取得了很大的成功。目前,大多数产品已是供大于求。 2.大量的环境影响已经产生,特别是物种和栖息地的丧失,以及农药和氮肥应用所造成的污染问题。土壤板结和侵蚀虽不广泛,但土壤受侵蚀状况正日益增加,已引人们的关注。 3.正在实施降低农业生产力的政策,将政府对农业生产的部分资助转用于环境治理。 4.降低农业生产力,可通过退回到低投入、低产出的农业模式,或通过退耕来实现。最终应采取哪一种政策,以保证获得最好的环境效益,在当前环境界引起了一场激烈的争论。
Post-war agriculture in Britain and the EEC, facilitated by new technology and state support, has been very successful in increasing food supplies to a level where most products are now in surplus.Substantial environmental impacts have resulted, particularly habitat and species loss and pollution from pesticides and nitrogen fertilizer. Problems of soil compaction and erosion have not been widespread but concern is growing over the increasing incidence of soil erosion.Policy measures are now being implemented to reduce production by switching some state support for agriculture from production to environmental management.Production can be reduced either by a return to lower-input/output systems, or by taking land out of farming use. There is a vigorous debate in the environmental movement as to which strategy, or mix of strategies, would maximise environmental benefits.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第1期45-53,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
