摘要
探讨样例与新问题表面内容不同的相似关系对类比迁移过程的影响。实验1要求被试学习概率问题的样例后，解决与样例表面内容相似关系不同的新问题，结果表明，在新问题的内在原理与样例相同的情况下，两者表面概貌相似有利于被试对新问题的类化，表面对应相似则促进被找对公式的正确运用；而当新问题的内在原理与样例不相同时，两者表面内容相似会对新问题的解决产生负迁移作用。实验2在被试解决类似实验1的问题时提示其注意新问题的内在结构，结果表明，在提示情况下会促进被试进行内在类比从而提高其解答问题的成绩。
The influence of the different superficial similarities between the new problem andthe earlier example, with or without the same principle, on the analogy transfer werestudied. In Experiment 1, the subjects were asked to leam the examples on theprobability and solve the new problems which were similar in varying degree insuperficial contents with the exampes. The result showed:(1)The superficial similaritieshad great advance in solving the new problem when the new problem and the earierexample had the same principle. The similarity in superficial line would accelerate thesubjects to classify the new problem, and the similarity in superficial correspondencewould ascelerate the subjects to make correct use of the formula. (2)When the newproblem and the earier example had different principle, the similarities in thesuperficial contents of both would have a negative transfer in classifying the newproblem. In Experiment 2, the subjects were given a cue to pay attention to theprinciple of the problems before they solved the new problems. The results showedthat the subects would be accelerated to cap on the inner analogy and raise theirperformance. According to the results, it was proved preliminarily that it was animportant factor influencing the level of analogy transfer whether the subjects had thetendency to analogizing ascording to the inner principle.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第3期313-321,共9页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金!39870245
关键词
样例
类比迁移
表面内容
表层类比
earlier example, analogy transfer, superficial similarity, superficial analogy
