摘要
我国的气象卫星发展计划始于上世纪70年代,它包括极轨和静止两个系列卫星,以及相应的地面应用系统。气象卫星由航天科技集团公司负责组织研发,第二代极轨气象卫星系列的第一颗星——风云三号A星(FY-3A)于2008年5月27日在太原卫星发射中心成功发射,它又如太空中的一个流动气象观测站,对地球-大气进行全天候、全天时、三维、定量、多光谱的不间断观测。卫星观测资料通过地面加工处理后生成各类产品数据,例如,大气温度和湿度随高度的分布及变化、云参数、雪和冰、大雾、气溶胶、臭氧、辐射等,可用于气象、气候、农、林、牧业、海洋、水文等多领域。风云三号A卫星数据和产品可通过多种方式向用户提供使用。两年来,在奥运、汛期、生态和自然灾害监测中发挥了重要作用。风云三号A星已是世界气象组织全球对地观测系统的重要成员,不仅为我国经济社会提供服务,同时也服务于世界各国。本文综合性地介绍了我国第二代极轨气象卫星系列首发星的主要特点,分析了可能的应用领域,并给出代表性的产品和应用实例。
The Chinese meteorological satellite program,began from 1970＇s,consists of two series,i.e.,polar-orbiting satellite series and geostationary satellite series,as well as the ground operational segment.In partnership with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation（CASC）,the second generation of polar-orbiting meteorological satellite,i.e.,FY-3A,the first of this series was developed,and launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre in China on 27 May,2008.The FY-3A in orbit serves as a moving meteorological observing station,and is equipped with both sounding and imaging payload,providing three-dimensional,quantitative,multi-spectrum global remote sensing data under all weather conditions.It has more powerful applications in several fields over the FY-1 satellites.This satellite provides a unique source of environmental observations of the earth＇s surface,oceans,atmosphere,and near space.The observations are used to derive profiles of atmospheric temperature and moisture,sea surface temperature,cloud parameters,precipitation rate at ground,snow and ice coverage,fogs,aerosol,ozone profile,ozone amount,outgoing longwave radiation,and so on.The data and products are used in numerical weather analysis and prediction,climate change monitoring,oceanographic,hydrologic,agriculture,forestry,forage grass and natural disasters monitoring and services.The applications of the satellite data can greatly improve the meteorological and climate service and thus benefit the society and national economy.Users in the world can get the data and products from National Satellite Meteorological Centre by some ways for further uses.Now the FY-3A is a necessary part of the World Meteorological Organization（WMO） space-based component of the Global Observing System（GOS）.It is not just for China use,but also make contribution to the word.This paper briefly introduces the major characteristics of the satellite data and provides some products and application examples in numerical weather prediction,regional weather and climate change,environmental and nature disaster monitoring.
出处
《地球信息科学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期458-465,共8页
Journal of Geo-information Science
基金
风云三号气象卫星应用系统一期工程项目(发改农经(2005)2267号)
关键词
气象卫星
全球覆盖
光谱通道
天气应用
自然灾害监测
meteorological satellite
global coverage
spectral channel
weather application
natural disaster monitoring
