摘要
将大地构造学和煤地质学相结合，提出了一门新的边缘学科——成煤大地构造学（即煤成矿学）。首先对它的定义、范围、方法、手段和特色作了详细阐述，把全球构造聚煤区分为域、带、盆三级。然后以中国为例，对成煤大地构造问题进行了讨论，主要是聚煤盆地和含煤建造分类、古构造对聚煤作用的制约和成煤大地构造与聚煤盆地的时空演化，海域构造聚煤带，深部构造对中、新生代煤盆地的控制作用，成煤构造地球化学，与成煤构造环境有关若干问题如灾变论，成煤大地构造理论对煤盆地的预测和找煤评价。
In this research,tectonics is integrated with coal geology to propose a new frontier,coalforming tectonics.It is a science dealing with, from a tectonic point of view,the process of coal accumulation and the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of coal deposits.Tectonic coal accumulating units are classified into three classes:domains,zones and basins.This research,taking China as an example,dwells upon problems related to coal forming structures and has led to the following results.①According to tectonic settings,coal accumulating basins and coal bearing formations have been divided into three types:geosynclinal,platform and diwa.They may be subdivided into 10 genetic types(the former)and 15 genetic styles(the latter).②This research has revealed the control of paleotectonics on coal accumulation and confirmed that stable tectonic settings are favourable for coal accumulation.Of the total humic coal amount platform type accounts for 87%,diwa type for 13%,and geosynclinal type is almost barren of economically valuable coal beds.60% of Chinas and 70% of the worlds coal resources concentrate on marginal troughs of platforms.③From a global coal forming tectonic point of view,this research has elucidated the coal forming tectonic evolutionary history and the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of coal accumulating basins of China from Late Proterozoic sapropelite to Tertiary lignite(including peat).Late Paleozoic,Mesozoic and Cenozoic coal forming tectonic structures have been divided into 4,2 and 1 coal accumulating domains respectively.They have been further subdivided into coal accumulating zones(subzones)and basins.In the Mesozoic Pal Asiatic continental coal accumulating domain,for example,the Juggar coal basin(including Turfan,J 1-2 ) of the Northwest China coal accumulating zone and the Ordos coal basin(C O,T 3,and J 1-2 )of the N S coal accumulating zone are the world class giant coal basins.This research has also satisfactorily explained why sapropelite only occurs in the South China Yangtze coal accumulating domain.④It has proposed for the first time the concept of marine tectonic coal accumulating zone and put forward arguments in favour of occurrence of coal resources in Chinas sea areas.There are about 100 coal beds in the Tertiary of the East China Sea continental shelf,with a single coal bed attaining 3～4 m in thickness.The metamorphic grade of coal increases with depth(peat within 600 m,lignite within 1 600 m,long flame coal within 3 700 m,gas coal below 4 700 m and coke below 5 000 m).The gas field Ya 13 1 in the Southeast Hainan Basin,the South China Sea,is the largest humic type gas field in Chinas sea areas.⑤Four maps such as the Deep Structures and Meso Cenozoic Tectonic Coal accumulating Domains and Zones of China and Adjacent Areas have been compiled and control of deep structural pattern on coal accumulating basins and its evolutionary mechanism have been discussed.⑥The term coal forming tectono geochemistry has been coined which indicates that different coal bearing formations,folds,fractures and rock bodies differ from each other in coal forming geochemical features.⑦According to the degree of tectonic destruction and origin,the structural superimposition and transformation of coal accumulating basins have been divided into three types:geosyncline+transformation,platform+transformation and diwa+transformation.They may be further subdiveded into subtypes,weak,medium and strong.⑧Problems pertinent to coal forming tectonic settings have been discussed.For example,it is believed from a catastrophic point of view that the large scale catastrophic event occurring between P and T destroyed the paleoclimatic and paleofloral environments of Late Permian coal formation on Earth and resulted in a non coal period lasting 20 Ma.⑨The theory has been applied to the prediction and evaluation of coal resources in the whole world,in a large region or in a coal basin.Coal forming tectonics not only enriches the contents of tectonics,but also promo
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
1999年第3期312-316,共5页
Advances in Earth Science
