摘要
目的:探讨大学新生心理健康状态的变化趋势。方法:方便抽取湖南某高校2005-2008届大学新生17415人(各届分别为4342人、4503人、4147人、4423人),采用教育部编制的中国大学生心理健康量表(ChineseCollegeStudentsMentalHealthScale,CCSMHS)对不同界新生心理健康状态进行分析。结果:(1)四届新生CCSMHS维度得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05,Cohen'sd=0.05～0.213),躯体化、依赖维度分逐年下降;焦虑、抑郁、社交攻击、性心理障碍、偏执、冲动和精神病性倾向维度分逐年上升;自卑、强迫维度分前三届逐年下降,2008届又开始回升。(2)不同届新生CCSMHS维度得分表现出不同的性别和专业差异(均P<0.05,Cohen'sd=0.03～0.19)。2005届男生社交退缩、性心理障碍、冲动维度分及2006届男生性心理障碍、偏执维度分均高于相应年级女生,2007届女生的性心理障碍维度分及2008届女生躯体化、抑郁、自卑、社交攻击、性心理障碍、冲动维度分均高于相应年级男生。2005届文史生躯体化、抑郁、社交攻击、偏执、依赖维度分高于相应年级理工生;2007届理工生焦虑、社交退缩、社交攻击、性心理障碍、偏执维度分高于相应年级文史生。2008届理工生社交退缩、社交攻击、性心理障碍、依赖维度分高于相应年级文史生;(3)不同届来自不同地区及是否独生子女大学新生的CCSMHS维度得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05,Cohen'sd=0.03～0.32)。来自农村地区的新生,2005届、2007届除社交攻击、偏执维度外,2006届除社交攻击、冲动维度外,2008届除躯体化、社交攻击、偏执维度外,其他维度分均高于来自城市的相应届的新生。2005、2006届非独生子新生除攻击、偏执、冲动外,2007届非独生子新生除躯体化、偏执、强迫外,其他维度分均高于相应年级独生子新生;2008届非独生子新生自卑、社交退缩、社交攻击、性心理障碍维度分均高于独生子新生,而偏执、冲动维度分均低于独生子新生。结论:湖南某高校2005-2008届新生心理健康状况随着时间的发展而变化,但其变化幅度不大。不同性别、不同专业、来自不同地区、是否独生子女新生的心理健康状况随着时间的发展,表现出不同的差异,但差异均不大。
Objective： To explore the variation trend of the pshchological health of the freshmen in university. Method： A total of 17415 freshmen in university from 2005 to 2008 were selected by convenience sampiing. They were assessed with the Chinese College Students Mental Health Scale （ CCSMHS ） . Results： （ I ） The freshmen＇s scores of CCSMHS were significant different from 2005 to 2008 （ P 〈 0. 05, Cohen＇s d = 0. 05 - 0. 213 ） . The scores of somatization and dependence were decreased year by year. The scores of anxiety, depression, social-attack, psychosexual disorder, paranoia, impulsion, and psychosis-proneness were increased year by year. The scores of self-abasement and compulsion was decreased from 2005 to 2008 and increased in 2008. （ 2 ） There were significant sex and specialized differences on the psychological health of the freshmen in university in each year （2005 -2008） （Ps 〈0. 05, Cohen＇s d =0. 03 -0. 19） . The scores of social- withdrawal, psychosexual disorder, impulsion in 2005 and the scores of psychosexual disorder and paranoia in 2006 were higher in males than in females. The scores of psychosexual disorder in 2007 and the scores of somatization, depression, self-abasement, social-attack, psychosexual disorder and impulsion in 2008 were higher in females than in males. The scores of somatization, depression, social-attack, paranoia, and dependence in students majoring in literature and history were higher than that in students majoring in science and engineering in 2005. The scores of anxiety, social-withdrawal, social-attack, psychosexual disorder and paranoia in students majoring in science and engineering were higher than that in students majoring in literature and history in 2007. The scores of social-withdrawal, social-attack, psychosexual disorder and dependence in students majoring in science and engineering were higher than that in students majoring in literature and history in 2008. （ 3 ） There were significant regional differences and significant differences between only-children and non-only-children on the psychological health of the freshmen in university each year （2005 -2008） （Ps 〈0. 05, Cohen＇s d =0. 03 -0. 32） . Excluding social-attack and paranoia in 2005, 2007, social-attack and impulsion in 2006, and somatization, social-attack and paranoia in 2008, the scores of the other factors in students from countryside were higher than that in city students. Excluding social-attack, paranoia and impulsion in 2005 and 2006, and somatization, paranoia and compulsion in 2007, the scores of the other factors in non-only-children were higher than that in only-children. The scores of self-abasement, social-withdrawal, social-attack and psychosexual disorder in non-only-children were higher than that in only-children. The scores of paranoia and impulsion in only-children were higher than that in non-only-children in 2008. Conclusion： Mental health of the freshmen in one university in Hunan （2005 - 2008 ） has changed over time, but the change is not great. Some factors, including gender, major, region, being whether or not being only-child, may be related to the difference in the mental health to some extent.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第8期619-624,共6页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
关键词
心理健康
变化趋势
大学新生
中国大学生心理健康量表
psychological health
study of variation trend
freshmen
Chinese College Students Mental Health Scale （ CCSMHS）
