摘要
中国严重的水问题促使研究者在以数字化手段描述流域的同时,希望获得对流域中各种现象的模拟与预测能力。特别是在黄河流域,水资源短缺和水土流失是需要面对的两个主要问题。本文介绍了一个适用于黄河流域的基于物理机理的分布式的水沙过程连续模拟模型——黄河数字流域模型。论文首先介绍数字流域的主要支撑技术,包括数字高程模型、流域分级与河网编码方法、模型参数提取和并行计算机制;其次介绍与黄河多沙粗沙区的水沙过程相对应的四个模拟模型。即坡面产流模型、坡面侵蚀产沙模型、沟坡区重力侵蚀产沙模型和沟道不平衡输沙模型。各模型在数字流域平台上集成,形成流域尺度的水沙过程模拟功能。论文最后给出黄河数字流域模型在多沙粗沙区水沙过程模拟中的应用实例。
Soil erosion is one of the key concerns in land use management for the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River, where serious soil loss is the root cause of environmental and ecological degradation of the basin. In this paper, a physically-based, distributed-parameter, and continuous erosion prediction model at the river basin scale was developed with the aim of assisting in developing better land use management strategies. The framework, the major supporting techniques, and the typical erosion processes are described. The physical processes of sediment yield and transport in the Loess Plateau are divided into four sub-processes, including the runoff yield on hillslopes, hillslopes soil erosion, gravitational erosion in gullies, and hyperconcentrated flow routing in channels. For each sub-process, a physically-based simulation model was developed and embedded into the whole model system. The model system was applied to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in several typical years in the coarse sediment source area of the Loess Plateau, and the simulated results were in reasonably good agreement with the measured values.
基金
国家自然科学创新研究群体科学基金(50221903)
关键词
数字流域模型
黄河
多沙粗沙区
流域泥沙
模拟
Digital Watershed Model
the Yellow River
soil erosion
sediment yield
simulation
