摘要
通过盆栽试验,研究了生物有机肥（BIO）对香蕉植株生长和香蕉枯萎病防治效果的影响。结果表明,1）香蕉植株移栽45 d后,施用BIO的处理香蕉植株地上部鲜重、干重、株高和假茎围分别比对照增加了31.9%-93.8%、5.9%-43.1%、43.9%-62.9%和12.3%-18.5%。2）香蕉苗移栽25 d时,施用BIO的香蕉植株根尖几丁质酶活性提高了2.64-12.88个酶活单位,显著高于对照;营养钵育苗施用BIO的处理,香蕉植株根尖β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性显著地高于营养钵育苗未施BIO的处理,是其酶活的5.22-7.22倍。施用BIO的处理香蕉植株根尖和茎基部中胼胝质含量分别只有对照的59.7%-77.9%和47.6%-68.9%,显著低于对照处理。3）营养钵育苗施用BIO的处理,根际的细菌数量和放线菌数量分别比对照增加了1.56-1.76倍和1.11-1.55倍,而根际真菌数量却减少了19.2%-52.2%,根际尖孢镰刀菌的数量也大大减少。4）营养钵育苗施用BIO的处理,到香蕉植株移栽45 d时,香蕉植株枯萎病的病情指数未超过2.4,比对照降低47.8%-56.5%。上述结果表明,采用营养钵育苗和移栽时都施用BIO的方法种植香蕉,能显著地促进香蕉植株生长,有效地降低香蕉枯萎病的发病指数。
Banana fusarium-wilt disease is one of the most important soil-borne diseases which severely inhibit the development of banana production industries both in China and in the world.Biocontrols of the banana fusarium-wilt disease are proved economical and environmentally friendly.A pot experiment was carried out to investigate effects of a new bioorganic fertilizer（BIO）on banana plant growth and the suppression on the disease.The results are as follows： 1）45 days after transplantation of banana seedlings,fresh weight,dry weight,plant height and stem girth of the plants in the treatments of BIO fertilization are increased by 31.9%-93.8%,5.9%-43.1%,43.9%-62.9% and 12.3%-18.5%,respectively compared with the control.2）When wilt disease just occurs,chitinase activities in the treatments of BIO fertilization are 2.64-12.88 units higher than that of the control;β-1,3-glucanase activities in the treatments of nursery applications of BIO are increased by 5.22 or 7.22 times than that without nursery application of BIO;and the concentrations of callose in root tips and stem bases of the treatments of BIO fertilization are decreased by 59.7%-77.9% and 47.6%-68.9%,respectively as compared with the control.3）In contrast to the control,numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere of the treatment of BIOns＋BIOts are increased by 1.56-1.76 times and 1.34-1,50 times,respectively,while numbers of fungi and pathogen are decreased by 19.2%-29.6% and 38.0%-63.9%,respectively.4）Compared to the control,the banana fusarium-wilt disease indices of BIOns＋BIOts are below 2.4,which are reduced by 47.8%-56.5%.These results suggest that the way of BIO application both in nursery pots and in transplanted soils can effectively overcome the occurrence of fusarium wilt disease of banana.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期978-985,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40871126)
国家科技部"973"项目(2007CB109304)
国家科技部支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B09)
农业部农业公益性行业科研专项项目(200803031)
农业部"948"项目(2006-G62)资助
关键词
生物有机肥
枯萎病
香蕉
microbial organic fertilizer
fusarium-wilt disease
banana
